Gebreweld Angesom, Fiseha Temesgen, Kebede Edosa, Tamir Zemenu, Gebremariam Brhane, Miruts Fikadu, Haileslasie Haftay
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
J Blood Med. 2024 Mar 22;15:147-155. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S445857. eCollection 2024.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious worldwide health issue, particularly in developing nations like Ethiopia. Patients with tuberculosis experience a range of hematological, immunological, and biochemical alterations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immunological, hematological, and biochemical alterations of newly diagnosed TB patients at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia.
A comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the immuno-hematological and biochemical changes in patients with tuberculosis at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital from January to July 2018. One hundred sixty-four (164) newly diagnosed TB patients, and 80 apparently healthy controls were included consecutively. The variables were expressed in frequency, percentage, and mean ± SD. To compare mean ± SD of the groups or within the groups, we used an independent sample -test. Statistical significance was defined as a P value less than 0.05.
Male TB patients had significantly high mean absolute WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte, platelet count, and systemic immune-inflammation compared with male healthy controls (P=0.001, P=0.011 P=0.021, P=0.001, and P=0.018, respectively). The mean platelet count of female TB patients was significantly higher than that of the female control group (P=0.015). However, mean RBC counts, Hgb, HCT, and MPV of TB patients were significantly lower than those of male (p<0.001) and female healthy controls (P=0.022, 0.015, and 0.001, respectively). The TB patients had developed anemia (23.8%), WBC abnormalities (29.3%), thrombocytosis (11.6%), and thrombocytopenia (9.8%). The cases had significantly higher mean alanine amino transferase, total bilirubin, and glucose level, but the mean total protein, alkaline phosphatase, and total cholesterol of cases were significantly lower than healthy control groups.
TB patients in this study showed significant alterations in a number of hematological and biochemical profiles. This indicates that hematological and biochemical profiles should be monitored and properly interpreted for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and evaluation of response to treatment.
结核病是一个严重的全球性健康问题，在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家尤为突出。结核病患者会出现一系列血液学、免疫学和生化改变。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚德西综合专科医院新诊断结核病患者的免疫学、血液学和生化改变。
2018年1月至7月，在德西综合专科医院开展了一项比较性横断面研究，以评估结核病患者的免疫血液学和生化变化。连续纳入164例新诊断的结核病患者和80例明显健康的对照者。变量以频率、百分比和均值±标准差表示。为比较组间或组内的均值±标准差，我们使用独立样本检验。统计学显著性定义为P值小于0.05。
与男性健康对照者相比，男性结核病患者的平均白细胞绝对值、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞、血小板计数和全身免疫炎症显著更高（分别为P=0.001、P=0.011、P=0.021、P=0.001和P=0.018）。女性结核病患者的平均血小板计数显著高于女性对照组（P=0.015）。然而，结核病患者的平均红细胞计数、血红蛋白、血细胞比容和平均血小板体积显著低于男性（p<0.001）和女性健康对照者（分别为P=0.022、0.015和0.001）。结核病患者出现了贫血（23.8%）、白细胞异常（29.3%）、血小板增多（11.6%）和血小板减少（9.8%）。病例组的平均丙氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素和血糖水平显著更高，但病例组的平均总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶和总胆固醇显著低于健康对照组。
本研究中的结核病患者在多项血液学和生化指标上出现了显著改变。这表明，应监测并正确解读血液学和生化指标，以用于结核病的鉴别诊断和治疗反应评估。
