Mohanty Debajani, Padhee Sucheesmita, Priyadarshini Arpita, Champati Bibhuti Bhusan, Das Prabhat Kumar, Jena Sudipta, Sahoo Ambika, Chandra Panda Pratap, Nayak Sanghamitra, Ray Asit
Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 16;10(6):e28026. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28026. eCollection 2024 Mar 30.
(Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & Eberm., or Indian Bay Leaf, is a well-known traditional ayurvedic medicine used to treat various ailments. However, the molecular mechanism of action of essential oil (CTEO) against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. The present study aims to decipher the molecular targets and mechanism of CTEO in treating NSCLC. GC-MS analysis detected 49 constituents; 44 successfully passed the drug-likeness screening and were identified as active compounds. A total of 3961 CTEO targets and 4588 anti-NSCLC-related targets were acquired. JUN, P53, IL6, MAPK3, HIF1A, and CASP3 were determined as hub genes, while cinnamaldehyde, ethyl cinnamate and acetophenone were identified as core compounds. Enrichment analysis revealed that targets were mainly involved in apoptosis, TNF, IL17, pathways in cancer and MAPK signalling pathways. mRNA expression, pathological stage, survival analysis, immune infiltrate correlation and genetic alteration analysis of the core hub genes were carried out. Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) curve revealed that HIF1A and CASP3 are linked to worse overall survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cancer patients compared to normal patients. Ethyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde showed high binding energy with the MAPK3 and formed stable interactions with MAPK3 during the molecular dynamic simulations for 100 ns. The MM/PBSA analysis revealed that van der Waals (VdW) contributions predominantly account for a significant portion of the compound interactions within the binding pocket of MAPK3. Density functional theory analysis showed cinnamaldehyde as the most reactive and least stable compound. CTEO exhibited selective cytotoxicity by inhibiting the proliferation of A549 cells while sparing normal HEK293 cells. CTEO triggered apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle, increasing ROS accumulation, causing mitochondrial depolarisation, and elevating caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 levels in A549 cells. The above study provides insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of action of essential oil against non-small cell lung cancer treatment, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy.
(布赫 - 哈姆)印度月桂叶,即尼尔氏印度月桂叶(T. Nees & Eberm.),是一种用于治疗多种疾病的著名传统阿育吠陀药物。然而,桂皮精油(CTEO)抗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的分子作用机制仍不清楚。本研究旨在破解CTEO治疗NSCLC的分子靶点和机制。气相色谱 - 质谱联用(GC - MS)分析检测到49种成分;其中44种成功通过类药性筛选并被鉴定为活性化合物。共获得3961个CTEO靶点和4588个抗NSCLC相关靶点。JUN、P53、IL6、MAPK3、HIF1A和CASP3被确定为枢纽基因,而肉桂醛、肉桂酸乙酯和苯乙酮被鉴定为核心化合物。富集分析表明,靶点主要参与细胞凋亡、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素17(IL17)、癌症相关通路和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路。对核心枢纽基因进行了mRNA表达、病理分期、生存分析、免疫浸润相关性和基因改变分析。卡普兰 - 迈耶总生存(OS)曲线显示,与正常患者相比,HIF1A和CASP3与肺腺癌(LUAD)患者较差的总生存相关。在100纳秒的分子动力学模拟过程中,肉桂酸乙酯和肉桂醛与MAPK3显示出高结合能并与MAPK3形成稳定相互作用。分子力学/泊松 - 玻尔兹曼表面积(MM/PBSA)分析表明,范德华力(VdW)贡献主要占MAPK3结合口袋内化合物相互作用的很大一部分。密度泛函理论分析表明肉桂醛是反应性最强且最不稳定的化合物。CTEO通过抑制A549细胞增殖而对正常HEK293细胞无影响,从而表现出选择性细胞毒性。CTEO通过使细胞周期停滞、增加活性氧(ROS)积累、导致线粒体去极化以及提高A549细胞中半胱天冬酶 - 3、半胱天冬酶 - 8和半胱天冬酶 - 9水平来触发细胞凋亡。上述研究为桂皮精油抗非小细胞肺癌治疗的药理作用机制提供了见解,表明其作为辅助治疗的潜力。