IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Mar 18;14(3):148. doi: 10.3390/bios14030148.
Lactate, once merely regarded as an indicator of tissue hypoxia and muscular fatigue, has now gained prominence as a pivotal biomarker across various medical disciplines. Recent research has unveiled its critical role as a high-value prognostic marker in critical care medicine. The current practice of lactate detection involves periodic blood sampling. This approach is invasive and confined to measurements at six-hour intervals, leading to resource expenditure, time consumption, and patient discomfort. This review addresses non-invasive sensors that enable continuous monitoring of lactate in critical care patients. After the introduction, it discusses the iontophoresis system, followed by a description of the structural materials that are universally employed to create an interface between the integumentary system and the sensor. Subsequently, each method is detailed according to its physical principle, outlining its advantages, limitations, and pertinent aspects. The study concludes with a discussion and conclusions, aiming at the design of an intelligent sensor (Internet of Medical Things or IoMT) to facilitate continuous lactate monitoring and enhance the clinical decision-making support system in critical care medicine.
乳酸曾被单纯视为组织缺氧和肌肉疲劳的指示剂，如今已在多个医学领域中崭露头角，成为关键的生物标志物。最近的研究揭示了其在重症监护医学中作为高价值预后标志物的关键作用。目前的乳酸检测方法涉及定期采血。这种方法具有侵入性，且只能每隔六小时进行测量，导致资源消耗、时间消耗和患者不适。本综述介绍了用于重症监护患者乳酸连续监测的非侵入性传感器。引言之后，讨论了离子电渗系统，接着描述了普遍用于在皮肤系统和传感器之间创建接口的结构材料。随后，根据物理原理详细介绍了每种方法，概述了其优点、局限性和相关方面。最后讨论并得出结论，旨在设计智能传感器（医疗物联网或 IoMT），以促进乳酸的连续监测，并增强重症监护医学中的临床决策支持系统。
