Sohaili Aarman, Asin Judith, Thomas Pierre P M
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Pharmaceutical Systems Strengthening Lead, Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network, P.O. Box 749, Nairobi 00606, Kenya.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Feb 20;13(3):197. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13030197.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) jeopardizes the effectiveness of essential antimicrobial agents in treating infectious diseases. Accelerated by human activities, AMR is prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Kenya, due to indiscriminate antibiotic use and limited diagnostics. This study aimed to assess Kenya's AMR efforts through a situational analysis of policy efficacy, interventions, and implementation, culminating in recommendations for strengthening mitigation. Employing two methodologies, this study evaluated Kenya's AMR endeavors. A systematic scoping review summarized AMR dynamic, and an expert validated the findings, providing an on-the-ground perspective. Antibiotic resistance is driven by factors including widespread misuse in human medicine due to irrational practices, consumer demand, and substandard antibiotics. Heavy antibiotic use in the agricultural sector leads to contamination of the food chain. The National Action Plan (NAP) reflects a One Health approach, yet decentralized healthcare and funding gaps hinder its execution. Although AMR surveillance includes multiple facets, diagnostic deficiencies persist. Expert insights recognize proactive NAP but underscore implementation obstacles. Kenya grapples with escalating resistance, but commendable policy efforts exist. However, fragmented implementations and complexities persist. Addressing this global threat demands investment in healthcare infrastructure, diagnostics, international partnerships, and sustainable strategies.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）危及基本抗菌药物治疗传染病的有效性。由于抗生素的滥用和诊断手段有限，在包括肯尼亚在内的撒哈拉以南非洲地区，受人类活动加速影响，抗菌药物耐药性普遍存在。本研究旨在通过对政策效力、干预措施和实施情况进行态势分析，评估肯尼亚在抗菌药物耐药性方面所做的努力，最终提出加强缓解措施的建议。本研究采用两种方法评估肯尼亚在抗菌药物耐药性方面的工作。一项系统的范围综述总结了抗菌药物耐药性动态，一位专家对研究结果进行了验证，提供了实地视角。抗生素耐药性是由多种因素驱动的，包括由于不合理做法、消费者需求和不合格抗生素导致的人类医学中广泛的滥用。农业部门大量使用抗生素导致食物链污染。《国家行动计划》（NAP）体现了“同一健康”方法，但医疗保健的分散化和资金缺口阻碍了其执行。尽管抗菌药物耐药性监测包括多个方面，但诊断不足仍然存在。专家见解认可积极的《国家行动计划》，但强调了实施障碍。肯尼亚正在应对不断升级的耐药性问题，但也存在值得称赞的政策努力。然而，实施工作分散且复杂性依然存在。应对这一全球威胁需要在医疗基础设施、诊断、国际伙伴关系和可持续战略方面进行投资。
