Soonwera Mayura, Sinthusiri Jirisuda, Passara Hataichanok, Moungthipmalai Tanapoom, Puwanard Cheepchanok, Sittichok Sirawut, Murata Kouhei
Department of Plant Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
Community Public Health Program, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Bang Phli, Bang Chalong 10540, Thailand.
Insects. 2024 Mar 20;15(3):210. doi: 10.3390/insects15030210.
The present study evaluated the housefly repellency of single-component formulations and combinations of lemongrass and star anise essential oils (EOs) and their main constituents. The efficacies of the combinations were compared against those of single-component formulations and DEET. Safety bioassays of all formulations and DEET on non-target species-guppy, molly, dwarf honeybee, and stingless bee-were conducted. GC-MS analysis showed that the main constituent of lemongrass EO was geranial (46.83%) and that of star anise EO was -anethole (92.88%). All combinations were highly synergistic compared to single-component formulations, with an increased repellent value (IR) of 34.6 to 51.2%. The greatest synergistic effect was achieved by 1.0% lemongrass EO + 1.0% -anethole combination, with an IR of 51.2%. The strongest, 100% repellent rate at 6 h was achieved by 1.0% geranial + 1.0% -anethole. They were twice as effective as DEET and caused obvious damage to housefly antennae under microscopic observation. All single-component formulations and combinations were benign to the four tested non-target species. In contrast, DEET was highly toxic to them. The synergistic repellency and biosafety of these two combinations are compellingly strong support for developing them into an effective green repellent.
本研究评估了柠檬草和八角茴芹精油（EOs）及其主要成分的单一组分配方和组合对家蝇的驱避性。将这些组合的效果与单一组分配方和避蚊胺的效果进行了比较。对所有配方和避蚊胺进行了对非靶标物种孔雀鱼、茉莉鱼、矮蜜蜂和无刺蜂的安全性生物测定。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，柠檬草精油的主要成分是香叶醛（46.83%），八角茴芹精油的主要成分是反式茴香脑（92.88%）。与单一组分配方相比，所有组合均具有高度协同性，驱避值（IR）提高了34.6%至51.2%。1.0%柠檬草精油+1.0%反式茴香脑组合的协同效应最大，IR为51.2%。1.0%香叶醛+1.0%反式茴香脑在6小时时达到最强的100%驱避率。它们的效果是避蚊胺的两倍，在显微镜观察下对家蝇触角造成明显损伤。所有单一组分配方和组合对四种受试非靶标物种均无害。相比之下，避蚊胺对它们具有高毒性。这两种组合的协同驱避性和生物安全性有力地支持将它们开发成一种有效的绿色驱避剂。
