Agricultural Research Center, Botanical Gardens Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 28;14(1):7342. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57301-w.
The present work aimed to investigate the effect of salinity in natural habitats in Egypt on the main secondary metabolites of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Artemisia monosperma L. plants compared to plants grown at normal conditions. Plants grown under salinity were collected from Egyptian Western Coastal region habitats irrigated with underground water. Results showed that salinity increased the essential oil percentage of R. officinalis L. by 52.7% and A. monosperma L by 0.29% in addition to the total phenolics and flavonoids content in dry leaves compared to control plants. GC/MS analysis of rosemary essential oils revealed that salinity decreased the amount of some major oil monoterpenes component as verbenone, with a slight effect on 1,8 cineole and increased Camphor, endo- Boreneol, and linalool in addition to the appearance of new specific components such as Chrysanthenone monoterpene ketone and Caryophyllene sesquiterpene, while, in the case of Artemisia, the GC/MS showed that Artemisia ketone, Camphor, β -phellandrene monoterpenes andα-Bisabolol sesquiterpenewere the major oil components; salinity decreased Camphor and β -phellandrene content and increased artemisia ketone and α-Bisabolol oil content. About 11 new oil constituents were detected such as ( +)-2-Bornanone and Sesquisabinene hydrate. Mineral ions (N, K, Ca, P, and Mg) uptake by R. officinalis and A. monosperma decreased in plants grown under salinity, while Na content increased compared to corresponding controls. Results demonstrated that both plants could tolerate the high salinity level in natural Western Coastal region soil which promoted more production of valuable secondary metabolites. The antimicrobial effect of R. officinalis L. and A. monosperma L. leaf methanolic extracts, results showed that R. officinalis extracts had an inhibitory response against all tested gram-positive and negative bacteria, in addition to the yeast (Candida albicans), whereas there was no any inhibitory effect concerning A. monosperma L extract on the tested species.
本研究旨在探讨埃及自然栖息地盐度对迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis L.）和苦艾（Artemisia monosperma L.）植物主要次生代谢产物的影响，与在正常条件下生长的植物进行比较。在盐度条件下生长的植物是从埃及西部沿海地区用地下水灌溉的栖息地中收集的。结果表明，与对照植物相比，盐度使迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis L.）的精油百分比增加了 52.7%，苦艾（Artemisia monosperma L.）增加了 0.29%，此外，还增加了干叶中的总酚类和类黄酮含量。迷迭香油的 GC/MS 分析表明，盐度降低了一些主要油单萜成分的含量，如马鞭草酮，对 1,8-桉树脑的影响较小，同时增加了樟脑、endo-硼醇和芳樟醇，此外还出现了新的特定成分，如 Chrysanthenone 单萜酮和 Caryophyllene 倍半萜烯，而在苦艾的情况下，GC/MS 表明 Artemisia 酮、樟脑、β-蒎烯单萜和α- 大根香叶烯是主要油成分；盐度降低了樟脑和β-蒎烯的含量，增加了 Artemisia 酮和α-大根香叶烯的含量。检测到 11 种新的油成分，如 (+)-2-降莰酮和 Sesquisabinene 水合物。在盐度条件下生长的迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis）和苦艾（Artemisia monosperma）中，N、K、Ca、P 和 Mg 等矿物质离子的吸收减少，而与相应对照相比，Na 含量增加。结果表明，这两种植物都能耐受西部沿海地区土壤中的高盐度水平，从而促进了更有价值的次生代谢产物的产生。迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis L.）和苦艾（Artemisia monosperma L.）叶甲醇提取物的抑菌效果表明，迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis）提取物对所有测试的革兰氏阳性和阴性菌以及酵母（白色念珠菌）均有抑制作用，而苦艾（Artemisia monosperma L.）提取物对测试物种无任何抑制作用。
