Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
School of Environment, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Biomolecules. 2024 Mar 4;14(3):304. doi: 10.3390/biom14030304.
In this clinical era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where a single spermatozoon is chosen for fertilization, the diagnostic functionality of the classical parameters typically associated with fertilization, such as sperm concentration, sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and mitochondria, is perhaps becoming less critical. In contrast, the contribution of sperm DNA quality to our understanding of the impact of male fertility within the context of ICSI is gaining increasing interest and importance. Even with respect to natural conception, high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the ejaculate can adversely affect reproductive outcomes. However, the precise origin of SDF pathology in sperm cells is often ambiguous and most likely to be multifactorial. Hence, the genetic makeup of an individual, unbalanced REDOX processes, enzymatic activity, environmental and lifestyle factors, and even damage during sperm handling in the laboratory all operate in a unique and often synergistic manner to produce or induce sperm DNA damage. Surprisingly, the contribution of active enzymes as potential agents of SDF has received much less attention and, therefore, is likely to be underrated. This review highlights the roles of different enzymes related to the degradation of sperm DNA as possible effectors of DNA molecules in spermatozoa.
在细胞质内精子注射（ICSI）的临床时代，单个精子被选择用于受精，与受精相关的经典参数（如精子浓度、精子活力、顶体完整性和线粒体）的诊断功能或许变得不那么重要了。相比之下，精子 DNA 质量对我们理解 ICSI 背景下男性生育力的影响的贡献正越来越受到关注和重视。即使是在自然受孕的情况下，精液中高水平的精子 DNA 碎片化（SDF）也会对生殖结果产生不利影响。然而，精子细胞中 SDF 病变的确切起源往往不明确，很可能是多因素的。因此，个体的遗传构成、不平衡的氧化还原过程、酶活性、环境和生活方式因素，甚至是实验室中精子处理过程中的损伤，都以独特且常常协同的方式产生或诱导精子 DNA 损伤。令人惊讶的是，作为 SDF 潜在作用物的活性酶的贡献受到的关注要少得多，因此，其作用可能被低估了。这篇综述强调了与精子 DNA 降解相关的不同酶在精子中 DNA 分子作为可能的效应物中的作用。
