Vila Marta M D C, Balcão Liliane M N, Balcão Victor M
VBlab-Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil.
Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Mar 8;16(3):374. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030374.
This review aims at presenting the main strategies that are currently available for the delivery of bacteriophages to combat bacterial infections in humans, animals, and plants. It can be seen that the main routes for phage delivery are topical, oral, systemic, and airways for humans. In animals, the topical and oral routes are the most used. To combat infections in plant species, spraying the plant's phyllosphere or drenching the soil are the most commonly used methods. In both phage therapy and biocontrol using phages, very promising results have been obtained so far. However, more experiments are needed to establish forms of treatment and phage doses, among other parameters. Furthermore, in general, there is a lack of specific standards for the use of phages to combat bacterial infections.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022-5
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2022-8
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2022-4
Microbiol Spectr. 2022-12-21
Bacteriophage. 2012-10-1
Microorganisms. 2025-8-11
Braz J Microbiol. 2025-6-6
Trends Mol Med. 2025-4-22
Essays Biochem. 2024-12-17
Biodes Res. 2023-1-16
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023-6-5