Ghorai Suvankar, Shand Harshita, Patra Soumendu, Panda Kingshuk, Santiago Maria J, Rahman Md Sohanur, Chinnapaiyan Srinivasan, Unwalla Hoshang J
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj 733134, India.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Mar 16;16(3):407. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030407.
The continuous evolution of new viruses poses a danger to world health. Rampant outbreaks may advance to pandemic level, often straining financial and medical resources to breaking point. While vaccination remains the gold standard to prevent viral illnesses, these are mostly prophylactic and offer minimal assistance to those who have already developed viral illnesses. Moreover, the timeline to vaccine development and testing can be extensive, leading to a lapse in controlling the spread of viral infection during pandemics. Antiviral therapeutics can provide a temporary fix to tide over the time lag when vaccines are not available during the commencement of a disease outburst. At times, these medications can have negative side effects that outweigh the benefits, and they are not always effective against newly emerging virus strains. Several limitations with conventional antiviral therapies may be addressed by nanotechnology. By using nano delivery vehicles, for instance, the pharmacokinetic profile of antiviral medications can be significantly improved while decreasing systemic toxicity. The virucidal or virus-neutralizing qualities of other special nanomaterials can be exploited. This review focuses on the recent advancements in nanomedicine against RNA viruses, including nano-vaccines and nano-herbal therapeutics.
新病毒的不断演变对世界卫生构成威胁。猖獗的疫情可能升级为大流行，常常使财政和医疗资源紧张到极限。虽然接种疫苗仍然是预防病毒性疾病的金标准，但这些大多是预防性的，对那些已经感染病毒性疾病的人帮助甚微。此外，疫苗研发和测试的时间线可能很长，导致在大流行期间控制病毒感染传播出现滞后。抗病毒疗法可以提供一个临时解决方案，以度过疾病爆发初期没有疫苗可用的时间差。有时，这些药物的副作用可能超过其益处，而且它们并不总是对新出现的病毒株有效。传统抗病毒疗法的一些局限性可以通过纳米技术来解决。例如，通过使用纳米递送载体，可以显著改善抗病毒药物的药代动力学特征，同时降低全身毒性。还可以利用其他特殊纳米材料的杀病毒或病毒中和特性。本综述重点关注纳米医学在对抗RNA病毒方面的最新进展，包括纳米疫苗和纳米草药疗法。
