Fischer Saskia M, Bilz Ludwig
Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Department of Health.
J Health Monit. 2024 Mar 4;9(1):42-61. doi: 10.25646/11872. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Bullying is a form of violence that is carried out repeatedly, with the intention of causing harm and with an imbalance of power between those involved. Bullying has serious negative effects on the mental health of adolescents and thus represents a significant health risk in childhood and adolescence.
Based on data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from the survey year 2022 in Germany (N = 6,475), the prevalence of school bullying and cyberbullying among 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds in Germany was analysed. In addition, the prevalence of school bullying and cyberbullying was analysed as a trend from 2009/10 to 2022 (bullying) and from 2017/18 to 2022 (cyberbullying).
Around 14 % of the learners surveyed reported direct experience of bullying at school, and around 7 % reported cyberbullying experiences as bullied and/or bullying victims. Adolescents who identified as gender diverse were particularly likely to report bullying experiences. School bullying decreased over time, but remained stable between 2017/18 and 2022. Cyberbullying, on the other hand, increased in 2022 compared to 2017/18.
Experiencing bullying at school and online is an everyday experience for many children and young people, so there is still a need for the broad implementation of effective anti-bullying measures in schools.
欺凌是一种暴力形式，它反复发生，旨在造成伤害，且涉及各方之间存在权力失衡。欺凌对青少年的心理健康有严重负面影响，因此是儿童和青少年时期的重大健康风险。
基于2022年德国学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）研究的数据（N = 6475），分析了德国11岁、13岁和15岁青少年中校园欺凌和网络欺凌的发生率。此外，还分析了2009/10年至2022年（欺凌）以及2017/18年至2022年（网络欺凌）期间校园欺凌和网络欺凌发生率的变化趋势。
约14%的受访学生报告有在学校遭受欺凌的直接经历，约7%报告有作为受欺凌者和/或欺凌受害者的网络欺凌经历。自我认同为性别多样化的青少年尤其容易报告有欺凌经历。校园欺凌随时间减少，但在2017/18年至2022年期间保持稳定。另一方面，与2017/18年相比，2022年网络欺凌有所增加。
对许多儿童和年轻人来说，在学校和网上遭受欺凌是日常经历，因此仍需要在学校广泛实施有效的反欺凌措施。
