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利用小分子DNA嵌入和纳米孔测序探测染色质可及性

Probing chromatin accessibility with small molecule DNA intercalation and nanopore sequencing.

作者信息

Bai Gali, Dhillon Namrita, Felton Colette, Meissner Brett, Saint-John Brandon, Shelansky Robert, Meyerson Elliot, Hrabeta-Robinson Eva, Hodjat Babak, Boeger Hinrich, Brooks Angela N

机构信息

Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, United States of America.

Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, United States of America.

出版信息

bioRxiv. 2024 Mar 22:2024.03.20.585815. doi: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585815.

Abstract

Genome-wide identification of chromatin organization and structure has been generally probed by measuring accessibility of the underlying DNA to nucleases or methyltransferases. These methods either only observe the positioning of a single nucleosome or rely on large enzymes to modify or cleave the DNA. We developed adduct sequencing (Add-seq), a method to probe chromatin accessibility by treating chromatin with the small molecule angelicin, which preferentially intercalates into DNA not bound to core nucleosomes. We show that Nanopore sequencing of the angelicin-modified DNA is possible and allows visualization and analysis of long single molecules with distinct chromatin structure. The angelicin modification can be detected from the Nanopore current signal data using a neural network model trained on unmodified and modified chromatin-free DNA. Applying Add-seq to nuclei, we identified expected patterns of accessibility around annotated gene loci in yeast. We also identify individual clusters of single molecule reads displaying different chromatin structure at specific yeast loci, which demonstrates heterogeneity in the chromatin structure of the yeast population. Thus, using Add-seq, we are able to profile DNA accessibility in the yeast genome across long molecules.

摘要

全基因组范围内染色质组织和结构的鉴定通常是通过测量潜在DNA对核酸酶或甲基转移酶的可及性来进行的。这些方法要么只观察单个核小体的定位,要么依赖大型酶来修饰或切割DNA。我们开发了加合物测序(Add-seq),这是一种通过用小分子补骨脂素处理染色质来探测染色质可及性的方法,补骨脂素优先插入未与核心核小体结合的DNA中。我们表明,对补骨脂素修饰的DNA进行纳米孔测序是可行的,并且可以对具有不同染色质结构的长单分子进行可视化和分析。使用在未修饰和无染色质DNA上训练的神经网络模型,可以从纳米孔电流信号数据中检测到补骨脂素修饰。将Add-seq应用于细胞核,我们在酵母中注释的基因座周围鉴定出了预期的可及性模式。我们还在特定酵母基因座处鉴定出显示不同染色质结构的单分子读数的单个簇,这证明了酵母群体染色质结构的异质性。因此,使用Add-seq,我们能够在酵母基因组中对长分子的DNA可及性进行分析。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7bf/12218743/06f99544a483/nihpp-2024.03.20.585815v2-f0002.jpg

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