Shakoei Safoura, Seifi Golnoosh, Ghanami Farbod, Ghandi Narges, Hamzelou Shahin, Nasimi Maryam, Etesami Ifa
Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Health Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 1;7(4):e2020. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.2020. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated nonscarring alopecia. Nail changes are a common disfiguring feature of AA with an average prevalence of 30%. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of different types of nail changes and determine demographic and clinical associations.
This cross-sectional study included 197 AA patients. Demographic and clinical variables including the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, type of AA, and nail changes were evaluated.
Among 197 AA patients with a mean age of 28.95 ± 14.45 years, 50.3% were female. Nail changes were detected in 165 patients (83.8%). The most frequent nail abnormalities were pitting (53.3%), linear line (46.7%), and distal notching (26.9%). AA patients with nail abnormalities were significantly younger than patients without nail changes (25.31 ± 14.96 vs. 32.22 ± 9.77 years; < 0.001). Considering age groups, younger children (less than 10 years) were more likely to have nail changes than adults (97.1% vs. 76.5%; < 0.001). The prevalence of linear line (69.6%) and distal notching (46.4%) were significantly higher in the universalis variant compared to other variants ( < 0.001). Pitting (54.5%), distal notching (43.9%), and koilonychia (12.1%) were the most common nail changes in severe forms compared to mild-to-moderate forms ( < 0.009).
Our study revealed that young patients with severe disease are prone to nail abnormalities. Pitting, distal notching, and linear line were the most common nail changes. Of note, koilonychia, leukonychia, and red spots lunula are more expected in more severe AA.
斑秃（AA）是一种免疫介导的非瘢痕性脱发。甲改变是斑秃常见的毁容性特征，平均患病率为30%。我们旨在评估不同类型甲改变的发生率，并确定其与人口统计学和临床特征的关联。
这项横断面研究纳入了197例斑秃患者。评估了包括脱发严重程度工具（SALT）评分、斑秃类型和甲改变在内的人口统计学和临床变量。
197例平均年龄为28.95±14.45岁的斑秃患者中，50.3%为女性。165例患者（83.8%）检测到甲改变。最常见的甲异常为甲凹点（53.3%）、线状嵴（46.7%）和远端切迹（26.9%）。有甲异常的斑秃患者明显比无甲改变的患者年轻（25.31±14.96岁 vs. 32.22±9.77岁；P<0.001）。考虑年龄组，年幼儿童（小于10岁）比成年人更易出现甲改变（97.1% vs. 76.5%；P<0.001）。泛发性斑秃中线状嵴（69.6%）和远端切迹（46.4%）的患病率显著高于其他类型（P<0.001）。与轻至中度斑秃相比，重度斑秃中甲凹点（54.5%）、远端切迹（43.9%）和匙状甲（12.1%）是最常见的甲改变（P<0.009）。
我们的研究表明，患有严重疾病的年轻患者易出现甲异常。甲凹点、远端切迹和线状嵴是最常见的甲改变。值得注意的是，在更严重的斑秃中更易出现匙状甲、白甲和甲半月红斑。
