Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Sao Luis, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil.
BMJ Open. 2024 Apr 2;14(4):e083871. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-083871.
The benefits of breast feeding may be associated with better formation of eating habits beyond childhood. This study was designed to verify the association between breast feeding and food consumption according to the degree of processing in four Brazilian birth cohorts.
The duration of exclusive, predominant and total breast feeding was evaluated. The analysis of the energy contribution of fresh or minimally processed foods (FMPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the diet was evaluated during childhood (13-36 months), adolescence (11-18 years) and adulthood (22, 23 and 30 years).
Those who were predominantly breastfed for less than 4 months had a higher UPF consumption (β 3.14, 95% CI 0.82 to 5.47) and a lower FMPF consumption (β -3.47, 95% CI -5.91 to -1.02) at age 22 years in the 1993 cohort. Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) for less than 6 months was associated with increased UPF consumption (β 1.75, 95% CI 0.25 to 3.24) and reduced FMPF consumption (β -1.49, 95% CI -2.93 to -0.04) at age 11 years in the 2004 cohort. In this same cohort, total breast feeding for less than 12 months was associated with increased UPF consumption (β 1.12, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.19) and decreased FMPF consumption (β -1.13, 95% CI -2 .07 to -0.19). Children who did not receive EBF for 6 months showed an increase in the energy contribution of UPF (β 2.36, 95% CI 0.53 to 4.18) and a decrease in FMPF (β -2.33, 95% CI -4 .19 to -0.48) in the diet at 13-36 months in the 2010 cohort. In this cohort, children who were breastfed for less than 12 months in total had higher UPF consumption (β 2.16, 95% CI 0.81 to 3.51) and lower FMPF consumption (β -1.79, 95% CI -3.09 to -0.48).
Exposure to breast feeding is associated with lower UPF consumption and higher FMPF consumption in childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
母乳喂养的益处可能与儿童期后更好的饮食习惯形成有关。本研究旨在验证在四个巴西出生队列中，母乳喂养与根据加工程度的食物消费之间的关联。
评估了纯母乳喂养、主要母乳喂养和总母乳喂养的持续时间。在儿童期（13-36 个月）、青春期（11-18 岁）和成年期（22、23 和 30 岁）评估了新鲜或最低限度加工食品（FMPF）和超加工食品（UPF）在饮食中的能量贡献。
1993 队列中，主要母乳喂养时间少于 4 个月的人在 22 岁时 UPF 消费更高（β 3.14，95%CI 0.82 至 5.47），FMPF 消费更低（β -3.47，95%CI -5.91 至-1.02）。2004 队列中，6 个月以下的纯母乳喂养与 11 岁时 UPF 消费增加（β 1.75，95%CI 0.25 至 3.24）和 FMPF 消费减少（β -1.49，95%CI -2.93 至-0.04）有关。在同一队列中，12 个月以下的总母乳喂养与 UPF 消费增加（β 1.12，95%CI 0.24 至 2.19）和 FMPF 消费减少（β -1.13，95%CI -2.07 至-0.19）有关。6 个月以下未接受纯母乳喂养的儿童在 13-36 个月时 UPF 的能量贡献增加（β 2.36，95%CI 0.53 至 4.18），FMPF 减少（β -2.33，95%CI -4.19 至-0.48）。在该队列中，12 个月以下总母乳喂养的儿童 UPF 消费更高（β 2.16，95%CI 0.81 至 3.51），FMPF 消费更低（β -1.79，95%CI -3.09 至-0.48）。
接触母乳喂养与儿童期、青春期和成年期 UPF 消费较低和 FMPF 消费较高有关。
