Jahn Jaquelyn L, Schwartz Gabriel L
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ubuntu Center on Racism, Global Movements and Population Health Equity, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Department of Health Management and Policy, Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Inj Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 4;11(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40621-024-00496-3.
Police violence is increasingly recognized as an urgent public health problem. Basic questions about police violence, however, remain unanswered, including which types of law enforcement agency are responsible for fatal police violence deaths.
We estimated the proportion of police violence deaths in the U.S. (2013-2022) that were attributable to local, county, state, federal, or tribal police agencies, using mapping police violence data. We examined proportions overall, by decedent race/ethnicity, and by state.
Nationally, 60% of decedents were killed by municipal, 29% by county, 8% by state, and 3% by federal, police, with < 1% killed by tribal or other officers. These proportions varied by race/ethnicity, with 56% of Native American decedents killed by municipal police compared to 70-75% among other racially minoritized people. While municipal police were responsible for most deaths in most states, in the Southeast, county police predominated. In some Northeastern states (and Alaska), state police were responsible for > 40% of deaths.
We identify wide geographic & racial/ethnic variation in the agencies responsible for fatal police violence. Findings suggest that the budgetary and infrastructural shifts required to prevent fatal police violence need to occur at multiple levels of government.
警察暴力越来越被视为一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。然而，关于警察暴力的一些基本问题仍未得到解答，包括哪些类型的执法机构应对致命的警察暴力死亡负责。
我们使用警察暴力数据地图，估算了2013年至2022年美国警察暴力死亡事件中，可归因于地方、县、州、联邦或部落警察机构的比例。我们从总体、死者种族/族裔以及州等方面对比例进行了研究。
在全国范围内，60%的死者被市警察杀害，29%被县警察杀害，8%被州警察杀害，3%被联邦警察杀害，被部落警察或其他警察杀害的比例不到1%。这些比例因种族/族裔而异，56%的美国原住民死者被市警察杀害，而在其他少数族裔中这一比例为70%-75%。虽然在大多数州，市警察造成的死亡最多，但在东南部，县警察占主导地位。在一些东北部州（以及阿拉斯加），州警察造成的死亡占比超过40%。
我们发现，应对致命警察暴力的机构在地理和种族/族裔方面存在很大差异。研究结果表明，预防致命警察暴力所需的预算和基础设施变革需要在多个政府层面进行。
