Hu Yuru, Liu Juan, Li Wenjing, Zhao Yibing, Li Qiqiang, Lu Ruifang, Meng Huanxin
Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Apr 18;56(2):332-337. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.02.021.
To analyze the concentration of formic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis, and their relationship with periodontitis.
The study enrolled 37 systemically healthy patients with periodontitis and 19 healthy controls who visited Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from February 2008 to May 2011. Their GCFs were collected from the mesial-buccal site of one molar or incisor in each quadrant. Periodontal clinical parameters, including plaque index(PLI), probing depth(PD), bleeding index(BI), and attachment loss(AL). Concentrations of formic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the supernatant of the GCFs were analyzed by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). The prediction ability of formic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid with the risk of periodontitis and the differences between grade B and grade C periodontitis were analyzed.
In this study, 32 patients with stage Ⅲ and 5 patients with stage Ⅳ were enrolled, including 9 patients with grade B and 28 patients with grade C. Clinical periodontal variables in the patients with periodontitis were significantly higher than those in the control group (<0.001). Formic acid was significantly lower in periodontitis than that in the control group [5.37 (3.39, 8.49) mmol/L 12.29 (8.35, 16.57) mmol/L, <0.001]. Propionic acid and butyric acid in periodontitis were significantly higher than those in the control group: Propionic acid, 10.23 (4.28, 14.90) mmol/L 2.71 (0.00, 4.25) mmol/L, < 0.001; butyric acid, 2.63 (0.47, 3.81) mmol/L 0.00 (0.00, 0.24) mmol/L, <0.001. There was no significant difference in formic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations between grade B and grade C periodontitis (>0.05). Propionic acid and butyric acid in the deep pocket were significantly higher than in the shallow pocket, while the concentration of formic acid decreased with the increase of PD. Propionic acid (=1.51, 95%: 1.29-1.75) and butyric acid (=3.72, 95%: 1.93-7.17) were risk factors for periodontitis, while formic acid (=0.87, 95%: 0.81-0.93) might be a protective factor for periodontitis. Propionic acid (AUC=0.852, 95%: 0.805－0.900), butyric acid (AUC=0.889, 95%: 0.841－0.937), f (formic acid, AUC=0.844, 95%: 0.793－0.895) demonstrated a good predictive capacity for the risk of periodontitis.
The concentration of formic acid decrease in the GCF of periodontitis patients, which is a protective factor for periodontitis, its reciprocal have good predictive capacity. However, propionic acid and butyric acid increase, which are risk factors for periodontitis and have good predictive capacity. The concentration of formic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid vary with probing depth, but there is no significant difference between grade B and grade C periodontitis.
分析Ⅲ、Ⅳ期牙周炎患者龈沟液（GCF）中甲酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度及其与牙周炎的关系。
本研究纳入了2008年2月至2011年5月期间就诊于北京大学口腔医院牙周科的37例全身健康的牙周炎患者和19例健康对照者。从每个象限的一颗磨牙或切牙的近中颊侧部位采集他们的龈沟液。记录牙周临床参数，包括菌斑指数（PLI）、探诊深度（PD）、出血指数（BI）和附着丧失（AL）。采用高效毛细管电泳（HPCE）分析龈沟液上清液中甲酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度。分析甲酸、丙酸和丁酸对牙周炎风险的预测能力以及B级和C级牙周炎之间的差异。
本研究纳入了32例Ⅲ期患者和5例Ⅳ期患者，其中包括9例B级患者和28例C级患者。牙周炎患者的临床牙周变量显著高于对照组（<0.001）。牙周炎患者的甲酸浓度显著低于对照组[5.37（3.39，8.49）mmol/L对12.29（8.35，16.57）mmol/L，<0.001]。牙周炎患者的丙酸和丁酸浓度显著高于对照组：丙酸，10.23（4.28，14.90）mmol/L对2.71（0.00，4.25）mmol/L，<0.001；丁酸，2.63（0.47，3.81）mmol/L对0.00（0.00，0.24）mmol/L，<0.001。B级和C级牙周炎患者的甲酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度无显著差异（>0.05）。深牙周袋中的丙酸和丁酸显著高于浅牙周袋，而甲酸浓度随探诊深度增加而降低。丙酸（=1.51，95%：1.29 - 1.75）和丁酸（=3.72，95%：1.93 - 7.17）是牙周炎的危险因素，而甲酸（=0.87，95%：0.81 - 0.93）可能是牙周炎的保护因素。丙酸（AUC = 0.852，95%：0.805 - 0.900）、丁酸（AUC = 0.889，95%：0.841 - 0.937）、甲酸（AUC = 0.844，95%：0.793 - 0.895）对牙周炎风险具有良好的预测能力。
牙周炎患者龈沟液中甲酸浓度降低，是牙周炎的保护因素，其倒数具有良好的预测能力。然而，丙酸和丁酸浓度升高，是牙周炎的危险因素且具有良好的预测能力。甲酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度随探诊深度而变化，但B级和C级牙周炎之间无显著差异。
