Adao Davin Edric V, Rivera Windell L
Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 3;10(7):e29019. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29019. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.
sp. is a gastrointestinal protozoan commonly encountered in humans and animals. Specificity to certain hosts may be associated with 38 known subtypes (STs) and 8 nonmammalian and avian STs (NMASTs). This can be determined by analyzing ST-host associations, ST-allele data, genetic variability analyses, and fixation index (F) with sufficient data present. Thus, newly acquired and previously published data on sp. STs and NMASTs from the Philippines were compiled to determine the following: (1) ST-host associations, (2) ST-allele diversity per ST in certain hosts/sources, (3) intrasubtype diversity of certain STs found in different hosts using genetic variability analysis, and (4) comparison of similarities between specific ST populations to determine if these are the same circulating populations using F. A total of 448 samples subtyped using both sequence-tagged site primers and the 600-bp barcoding region of the sp. SSU rRNA gene were analyzed in this study. Patterns of association for the Philippine samples were similar to those from neighboring Southeast Asian countries and around the world: ST1-ST4 were found in humans but ST3 was the most common, ST5 were found in pigs, and ST6 and ST7 were found in poultry. sp. from humans are mostly the same ST alleles (ST3 allele 34 and ST1 allele 4) while 3-5 ST alleles were found in the most common STs in pigs, macaques, and poultry. Also, ST1, ST3, ST5, and NMAST I are undergoing population expansion according to genetic variability analyses through possible addition of new alleles based on ST-allele diversity. Moreover, F shows the same circulating population of ST1 in humans, pigs, and water indicating a possible waterborne route of cross-transmission. In contrast, ST3 found in humans possibly come from the same circulating population and is genetically distinct from those in nonhuman sources.
[物种名称]是一种常见于人类和动物的胃肠道原生动物。对某些宿主的特异性可能与38种已知亚型（STs）以及8种非哺乳动物和鸟类STs（NMASTs）有关。这可以通过分析ST-宿主关联、ST-等位基因数据、遗传变异性分析以及在有足够数据的情况下的固定指数（F）来确定。因此，收集了来自菲律宾的关于[物种名称]STs和NMASTs的新获取数据以及先前发表的数据，以确定以下内容：（1）ST-宿主关联，（2）某些宿主/来源中每个ST的ST-等位基因多样性，（3）使用遗传变异性分析确定在不同宿主中发现的某些STs的亚型内多样性，以及（4）比较特定ST群体之间的相似性，以使用F确定这些是否为相同的循环群体。本研究分析了总共448个样本，这些样本使用序列标签位点引物和[物种名称]SSU rRNA基因的600碱基对条形码区域进行了亚型分类。菲律宾样本的关联模式与来自邻近东南亚国家和世界各地的样本相似：ST1-ST4在人类中发现，但ST3最常见，ST5在猪中发现，ST6和ST7在家禽中发现。来自人类的[物种名称]大多是相同的ST等位基因（ST3等位基因34和ST1等位基因4），而在猪、猕猴和家禽中最常见的STs中发现了3-5个ST等位基因。此外，根据遗传变异性分析，通过基于ST-等位基因多样性可能添加新等位基因，ST1、ST3、ST5和NMAST I正在经历种群扩张。此外，F显示人类、猪和水中的ST1为相同的循环群体，表明可能存在水传播的交叉传播途径。相比之下，在人类中发现的ST3可能来自相同的循环群体，并且在遗传上与非人类来源的ST3不同。
