UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
Creme Global, 4th Floor, The Design Tower, Trinity Technology & Enterprise Campus, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 15;929:172323. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172323. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi and identified as contaminants in animal feed. They have potentially harmful effects, including carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and repro-toxicity in animals and humans. As a result of climate change, there is the potential for a change in the prevalence and concentration of mycotoxins in animal feed components. This necessitates an assessment of the present and emerging threats to the food supply chain from mycotoxins. This systematic review and meta-analysis study synthesised studies on mycotoxin contamination and prevalence in cattle feed components. The studies were collected from scientific databases Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Embase between 2011 and 2022. The meta-analysis synthesised 97 studies on the prevalence and the concentration of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin and T-2/HT-2 toxins in feed components. Aflatoxin was highly prevalent (59 %), with a concentration of 2.58-3.92 μg kg in feed components. Ochratoxin A had a global prevalence of 31 % with a concentration of 5.56-12.41 μg kg. Deoxynivalenol had a global concentration of 233.17-327.73 μg kg and a prevalence of 74 %. Zearalenone had a prevalence of 70 % and a concentration of 42.47-66.19 μg kg. The concentration and prevalence of fumonisins was 232.19-393.07 μg kg and 65 %, respectively. The prevalence and concentration of T-2/HT-2 toxins were 45 % and 23.54-35.12 μg kg, respectively. The synthesised concentration of the mycotoxins in the overall feed components was lower than the regulated and guidance values set by the European Union. However, in a few cases, the 95th percentile exceeded these concentration values due to high levels of uncertainty attributed to lower sample size, and thus, need to be considered while conducting risk assessments. The study highlights climates and regions likely to be conducive to the emergence of mycotoxin risk, especially considering the potential influences of climate change.
真菌产生的次生代谢物被鉴定为动物饲料中的污染物，称为真菌毒素。真菌毒素对动物和人类具有潜在的有害影响，包括致癌性、致突变性和生殖毒性。由于气候变化，动物饲料成分中真菌毒素的流行率和浓度可能会发生变化。这就需要评估真菌毒素对食物链目前和新出现的威胁。本系统评价和荟萃分析研究综合了有关牛饲料成分中真菌毒素污染和流行率的研究。这些研究是从科学数据库 Web of Knowledge、Scopus 和 Embase 中收集的，时间范围为 2011 年至 2022 年。荟萃分析综合了 97 项关于饲料成分中黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素 A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马菌素和 T-2/HT-2 毒素的流行率和浓度的研究。黄曲霉毒素的流行率很高（59%），在饲料成分中的浓度为 2.58-3.92μg/kg。赭曲霉毒素 A 在全球的流行率为 31%，浓度为 5.56-12.41μg/kg。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇在全球的浓度为 233.17-327.73μg/kg，流行率为 74%。玉米赤霉烯酮的流行率为 70%，浓度为 42.47-66.19μg/kg。伏马菌素的浓度和流行率分别为 232.19-393.07μg/kg 和 65%。T-2/HT-2 毒素的流行率和浓度分别为 45%和 23.54-35.12μg/kg。综合饲料成分中真菌毒素的浓度低于欧盟设定的规定和指导值。然而，在少数情况下，由于低样本量导致的不确定性较高，95 百分位超过了这些浓度值，因此在进行风险评估时需要考虑这些值。本研究强调了可能有利于真菌毒素风险出现的气候和地区，特别是考虑到气候变化的潜在影响。
