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肯尼亚马查科斯镇奶牛和家禽饲料及饲料成分中的多真菌毒素污染情况。

Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence in Dairy Cattle and Poultry Feeds and Feed Ingredients from Machakos Town, Kenya.

机构信息

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi. P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.

Department of Animal Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-00625, Chuka 00625, Kenya.

出版信息

Toxins (Basel). 2020 Dec 3;12(12):762. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120762.

Abstract

Mycotoxins are common in grains in sub-Saharan Africa and negatively impact human and animal health and production. This study assessed occurrences of mycotoxins, some plant, and bacterial metabolites in 16 dairy and 27 poultry feeds, and 24 feed ingredients from Machakos town, Kenya, in February and August 2019. We analyzed the samples using a validated multi-toxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. A total of 153 mycotoxins, plant, and bacterial toxins, were detected in the samples. All the samples were co-contaminated with 21 to 116 different mycotoxins and/or metabolites. The commonly occurring and EU regulated mycotoxins reported were; aflatoxins (AFs) (70%; range 0.2-318.5 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (82%; range 22.2-1037 μg/kg), ergot alkaloids (70%; range 0.4-285.7 μg/kg), fumonisins (90%; range 32.4-14,346 μg/kg), HT-2 toxin (3%; range 11.9-13.8 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (24%; range 1.1-24.3 μg/kg), T-2 toxin (4%; range 2.7-5.2 μg/kg) and zearalenone (94%; range 0.3-910.4 μg/kg). Other unregulated emerging mycotoxins and metabolites including toxins, toxins, bacterial metabolites, cytochalasins, depsipeptides, metabolites, metabolites from other fungi, toxins, phytoestrogens, plant metabolites, and unspecific metabolites were also detected at varying levels. Except for total AFs, where the average contamination level was above the EU regulatory limit, all the other mycotoxins detected had average contamination levels below the limits. Ninety-six percent of all the samples were contaminated with more than one of the EU regulated mycotoxins. These co-occurrences may cause synergistic and additive health effects thereby hindering the growth of the Kenyan livestock sector.

摘要

真菌毒素在撒哈拉以南非洲的谷物中很常见,对人类和动物的健康和生产有负面影响。本研究评估了 2019 年 2 月和 8 月在肯尼亚 Machakos 镇采集的 16 份牛奶和 27 份家禽饲料以及 24 份饲料成分中的真菌毒素、一些植物和细菌代谢物的发生情况。我们使用经过验证的多毒素液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了这些样本。在样品中检测到 153 种真菌毒素、植物和细菌毒素。所有样本均受到 21 至 116 种不同真菌毒素和/或代谢物的共同污染。报告的常见和欧盟规定的真菌毒素有:黄曲霉毒素(AFs)(70%;范围 0.2-318.5μg/kg)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(82%;范围 22.2-1037μg/kg)、麦角生物碱(70%;范围 0.4-285.7μg/kg)、伏马菌素(90%;范围 32.4-14346μg/kg)、HT-2 毒素(3%;范围 11.9-13.8μg/kg)、赭曲霉毒素 A(24%;范围 1.1-24.3μg/kg)、T-2 毒素(4%;范围 2.7-5.2μg/kg)和玉米赤霉烯酮(94%;范围 0.3-910.4μg/kg)。其他未受监管的新兴真菌毒素和代谢物,包括镰刀菌烯酮、T-2 毒素、细菌代谢物、细胞松弛素、环肽、交链孢酚、其他真菌代谢物、呕吐毒素、植物雌激素、植物代谢物和非特异性代谢物,也以不同水平检测到。除了总 AFs 的平均污染水平超过欧盟监管限值外,所有其他检测到的真菌毒素的平均污染水平都低于限值。96%的样本受到一种以上欧盟规定的真菌毒素的污染。这些共存可能会产生协同和相加的健康影响,从而阻碍肯尼亚畜牧业的发展。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/28b7/7761711/c2fa28a79b05/toxins-12-00762-g001.jpg

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