CALD 身份对澳大利亚成年人缺牙的保护作用，在低收入存在的情况下随时间变化的情况。

The protective effect of CALD identity in the presence of low income on missing teeth of Australian adults over time.

机构信息

Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2024 Apr 12;24(1):1014. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17272-5.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-17272-5

PMID:38609930

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11010350/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

'Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (CALD)' populations have diverse languages, ethnic backgrounds, societal structures and religions. CALD populations have not experienced the same oral health benefits as non-CALD groups in Australia. However, the socio-demographic profile of Australian CALD populations is changing. This study examined how household income modifies the oral health of CALD and non-CALD adults in Australia.

METHODS

Data were from two National Surveys of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) conducted in 2004-06 (NSAOH 2004-06) and 2017-18 (NSAOH 2017-18). The outcome was self-reported number of missing teeth. CALD status was identified based on English not the primary language spoken at home and country of birth not being Australia. Social disadvantage was defined by total annual household income. Effect-measure modification was used to verify differences on effect sizes per strata of CALD status and household income. The presence of modification was indicated by Relative Excess Risk due to Interactions (RERIs).

RESULTS

A total of 14,123 participants took part in NSAOH 2004-06. The proportion identifying as CALD was 11.7% and 56.7% were in the low-income group, and the mean number of missing teeth was 6.9. A total of 15,731 participants took part in NSAOH 2017-18. The proportion identifying as CALD was 18.5% and 38.0% were in the low-income group, and the mean number of missing teeth was 6.2. In multivariable modelling, the mean ratio (MR) for CALD participants with low household income in 2004-06 was 2% lower than the MR among non-CALD participants with high household income, with the RERI being - 0.23. Non-CALD participants from lower income households had a higher risk of having a higher number of missing teeth than low income CALD individuals (MR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.57-1.74 vs. MR = 1.43 95%CI 1.34-1.52, respectively). In 2017-18, the MR for CALD participants with low household income was 3% lower than the MR among non-CALD participants with high household income, with the RERI being - 0.11. Low income CALD participants had a lower risk of missing teeth compared to their non-CALD counterparts (MR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.34-1.52 vs. MR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.50-1.64).

CONCLUSIONS

The negative RERI values indicate that the effect-measure modification operates in a negative direction, that is, there is a protective element to being CALD among low income groups with respect to mean number of missing teeth.

摘要

背景

“文化和语言多样化（CALD）”人群的语言、族裔背景、社会结构和宗教信仰各不相同。与非 CALD 群体相比，澳大利亚的 CALD 人群并未享受到同样的口腔健康益处。然而，澳大利亚的 CALD 人口的社会人口统计学特征正在发生变化。本研究调查了家庭收入如何改变澳大利亚的 CALD 和非 CALD 成年人的口腔健康状况。

方法

数据来自于 2004-06 年（NSAOH 2004-06）和 2017-18 年（NSAOH 2017-18）进行的两次全国成人口腔健康调查（NSAOH）。结果是自我报告的缺失牙齿数量。根据英语是否为家中主要语言以及出生国是否为澳大利亚，确定了 CALD 身份。社会劣势由家庭年收入总和定义。使用效应量修正来验证每一层 CALD 状态和家庭收入的效应大小的差异。相对交互超额风险（RERI）表明存在修正。

结果

共有 14123 名参与者参加了 NSAOH 2004-06。确定为 CALD 的比例为 11.7%，56.7%的参与者家庭收入较低，缺失牙齿的平均数量为 6.9。共有 15731 名参与者参加了 NSAOH 2017-18。确定为 CALD 的比例为 18.5%，38.0%的参与者家庭收入较低，缺失牙齿的平均数量为 6.2。在多变量建模中，2004-06 年收入较低的 CALD 参与者的平均比值（MR）比高收入非 CALD 参与者的 MR 低 2%，RERI 为-0.23。收入较低家庭的非 CALD 参与者缺失牙齿的风险高于收入较低的 CALD 个体（MR=1.66，95%CI 1.57-1.74 与 MR=1.43，95%CI 1.34-1.52，分别）。在 2017-18 年，收入较低的 CALD 参与者的 MR 比收入较高的非 CALD 参与者的 MR 低 3%，RERI 为-0.11。与非 CALD 参与者相比，收入较低的 CALD 参与者缺失牙齿的风险较低（MR=1.43，95%CI 1.34-1.52 与 MR=1.57，95%CI 1.50-1.64）。