Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
Transl Neurodegener. 2024 Apr 17;13(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40035-024-00409-w.
Mitochondria have multiple functions such as supplying energy, regulating the redox status, and producing proteins encoded by an independent genome. They are closely related to the physiology and pathology of many organs and tissues, among which the brain is particularly prominent. The brain demands 20% of the resting metabolic rate and holds highly active mitochondrial activities. Considerable research shows that mitochondria are closely related to brain function, while mitochondrial defects induce or exacerbate pathology in the brain. In this review, we provide comprehensive research advances of mitochondrial biology involved in brain functions, as well as the mitochondria-dependent cellular events in brain physiology and pathology. Furthermore, various perspectives are explored to better identify the mitochondrial roles in neurological diseases and the neurophenotypes of mitochondrial diseases. Finally, mitochondrial therapies are discussed. Mitochondrial-targeting therapeutics are showing great potentials in the treatment of brain diseases.
线粒体具有多种功能，如提供能量、调节氧化还原状态和产生独立基因组编码的蛋白质。它们与许多器官和组织的生理和病理密切相关，其中大脑尤为突出。大脑需要 20%的静息代谢率，并保持高度活跃的线粒体活动。大量研究表明，线粒体与大脑功能密切相关，而线粒体缺陷会导致或加剧大脑的病理变化。在这篇综述中，我们提供了涉及大脑功能的线粒体生物学的全面研究进展，以及大脑生理学和病理学中依赖线粒体的细胞事件。此外，还探讨了各种观点，以更好地确定线粒体在神经疾病中的作用和线粒体疾病的神经表型。最后，讨论了线粒体治疗。线粒体靶向治疗在治疗脑部疾病方面显示出巨大的潜力。
