Salman Mian Muhammad, Nawaz Muhammad, Yaqub Tahir, Mushtaq Muhammad Hassan
Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2024 Jun;31(6):103984. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103984. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
The dairy industry is reshaping itself and becoming commercialized in Pakistan due to the increased demand for milk to overcome the shortage. Exotic breeds such as Holstein Friesian, a high milk producing breed have started being reared more on farms in Pakistan. Along with other issues, mastitis does affects the milk production of this breed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk composition in terms of bacterial communities in Holstein Friesian reared in Punjab, Pakistan and alteration in microbial composition with healthy and mastitic udder. Milk samples (n = 36) from farms rearing Holstein Friesian were collected. Among these samples, 05 samples from each three groups, HHF(healthy), CHF (clinical mastitis) and SHF (subclinical mastitis), based on their udder health condition, were processed using the 16 S r=RNA gene based technique. Diversity assessment as carried out by alpha diversity indices showed that milk samples from the udder infected with clinical mastitis were the least diverse and those from the healthy udder were more diverse. Beta diversity across samples showed a scattered pattern suggesting overlap amongst bacterial communities across different groups samples as depicted by PCA plots of beta diversity indices. The taxonomic profile revealed that Proteobacteria Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were the major phyla detected across all groups. Proteobacteria dominated the HHF and SHF group while abundance of Firmicutes was higher in CHF group. Differences at other levels including order, genus and species were also recorded. The overall picture concludes that diverse microbiota is associated with different udder health conditions.
由于牛奶需求增加以克服短缺问题，巴基斯坦的乳制品行业正在重塑自身并走向商业化。像荷斯坦弗里生这样的外来高产奶牛品种开始在巴基斯坦的农场中得到更多养殖。除其他问题外，乳腺炎确实会影响该品种的产奶量。本研究的目的是评估巴基斯坦旁遮普邦饲养的荷斯坦弗里生奶牛的乳汁成分，以及健康和患乳腺炎乳房的微生物组成变化。采集了饲养荷斯坦弗里生奶牛的农场的牛奶样本（n = 36）。在这些样本中，根据乳房健康状况，从每组（健康、临床乳腺炎和亚临床乳腺炎）中各选取5个样本，采用基于16S rRNA基因的技术进行处理。通过α多样性指数进行的多样性评估表明，临床乳腺炎感染乳房的牛奶样本多样性最低，健康乳房的样本多样性更高。样本间的β多样性呈现出分散的模式，表明不同组样本中的细菌群落存在重叠，如β多样性指数的主成分分析图所示。分类学分析表明，变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门是所有组中检测到的主要门类。变形菌门在健康和亚临床乳腺炎组中占主导地位，而厚壁菌门在临床乳腺炎组中的丰度更高。在目、属和种等其他分类水平上也记录到了差异。总体情况表明，不同的微生物群与不同的乳房健康状况相关。
