Mazade Reece, Palumaa Teele, Pardue Machelle T
Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; email:
Eye Clinic, East Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia.
Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2024 Sep;10(1):213-238. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-102122-102059. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
Animal models are critical for understanding the initiation and progression of myopia, a refractive condition that causes blurred distance vision. The prevalence of myopia is rapidly increasing worldwide, and myopia increases the risk of developing potentially blinding diseases. Current pharmacological, optical, and environmental interventions attenuate myopia progression in children, but it is still unclear how this occurs or how these interventions can be improved to increase their protective effects. To optimize myopia interventions, directed mechanistic studies are needed. The mouse model is well-suited to these studies because of its well-characterized visual system and the genetic experimental tools available, which can be combined with pharmacological and environmental manipulations for powerful investigations of causation. This review describes aspects of the mouse visual system that support its use as a myopia model and presents genetic, pharmacological, and environmental studies that significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie myopigenesis.
动物模型对于理解近视的发生和发展至关重要，近视是一种导致远视力模糊的屈光状态。全球近视患病率正在迅速上升，近视会增加患潜在致盲疾病的风险。目前的药物、光学和环境干预措施可减缓儿童近视的进展，但尚不清楚其发生机制，也不清楚如何改进这些干预措施以增强其保护作用。为了优化近视干预措施，需要进行有针对性的机制研究。小鼠模型非常适合这些研究，因为其视觉系统特征明确，且有可用的基因实验工具，可与药物和环境操作相结合，用于有力的因果关系研究。本综述描述了支持将小鼠用作近视模型的视觉系统方面，并介绍了遗传学、药理学和环境学研究，这些研究对我们理解近视发生机制有重大贡献。
