Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Apr 18;24(1):294. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05708-0.
Problematic smartphone use has been linked to lower levels of mindfulness, impaired attentional function, and higher impulsivity. This study aimed to identify the psychological mechanisms of problematic smartphone use by exploring the relationship between addictive smartphone use, mindfulness, attentional function and impulsivity.
Ninety participants were evaluated with the smartphone addiction proneness scale and classified into the problematic smartphone use group (n = 42; 24 women; mean age: 27.6 ± 7.2 years) or normal use group (n = 48; 22 women; mean age: 30.1 ± 5.7 years). All participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their trait impulsivity and mindfulness and attention tests that assessed selective, sustained and divided attention. We compared the variables between the groups and explored the relationship between mindfulness, attentional function, impulsivity and addictive smartphone use through mediation analysis.
The problematic smartphone use group showed higher trait impulsivity and lower mindfulness than the normal use group. There were no significant group differences in performance on attention tests. Levels of addictive smartphone use were significantly correlated with higher levels of trait impulsivity and lower levels of mindfulness, but not with performance on attention tests. Mediation analysis showed that acting with awareness, an aspect of mindfulness, reduces the degree of addictive smartphone use through attentional impulsivity, one of the trait impulsivity.
Acting without sufficient awareness could influence addictive smartphone use by mediating attentional impulsivity. This supports that executive control deficits, reflected in high attentional impulsivity, contribute to problematic smartphone use. Our findings imply that mindfulness-based interventions can enhance executive control over smartphone use by promoting awareness.
智能手机使用问题与正念水平降低、注意力功能受损和冲动性增加有关。本研究旨在通过探索智能手机成瘾使用与正念、注意力功能和冲动性之间的关系，确定智能手机使用问题的心理机制。
90 名参与者接受了智能手机成瘾倾向量表评估，并分为智能手机使用问题组（n=42；24 名女性；平均年龄：27.6±7.2 岁）或正常使用组（n=48；22 名女性；平均年龄：30.1±5.7 岁）。所有参与者完成了评估特质冲动性和正念的自我报告问卷，以及评估选择性注意、持续性注意和分散性注意的注意力测试。我们比较了两组之间的变量，并通过中介分析探讨了正念、注意力功能、冲动性与智能手机成瘾使用之间的关系。
智能手机使用问题组的特质冲动性高于正常使用组，正念水平低于正常使用组。两组在注意力测试中的表现无显著差异。智能手机成瘾使用程度与较高的特质冲动性和较低的正念水平显著相关，而与注意力测试的表现无关。中介分析显示，正念的一个方面，即觉察行动，通过注意力冲动性来降低智能手机成瘾使用的程度，注意力冲动性是特质冲动性的一个方面。
缺乏足够的觉察可能会通过注意力冲动性来影响智能手机成瘾使用。这支持了执行控制缺陷，反映在高注意力冲动性中，导致智能手机使用问题。我们的研究结果表明，基于正念的干预可以通过提高觉察力来增强对智能手机使用的执行控制。
