Yap Lauren E, Hunt James E, Turner Raymond Scott
Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.
Front Neurol. 2024 Apr 5;15:1376104. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1376104. eCollection 2024.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common etiology of dementia in older adults, is projected to double in prevalence over the next few decades. Current treatments for AD manage symptoms or slow progressive decline, but are accompanied by significant inconvenience, risk, and cost. Thus, a better understanding of the risk factors and pathophysiology of AD is needed to develop novel prevention and treatment strategies. Aging is the most important risk factor for AD. Elucidating molecular mechanisms of aging may suggest novel therapeutic targets. While aging is inevitable, it may be accelerated by caloric excess and slowed by caloric restriction (CR) or intermittent fasting. As such, CR may slow aging and reduce the risk of all diseases of aging, including dementia due to AD. The literature on CR, intermittent fasting, and treatment with polyphenols such as resveratrol-a pharmacologic CR-mimetic-supports this hypothesis based on clinical outcomes as well as biomarkers of aging and AD. More studies exploring the role of CR in regulating aging and AD progression in man are needed to fill gaps in our understanding and develop safer and more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是老年人痴呆最常见的病因，预计在未来几十年患病率将翻倍。目前治疗AD的方法是控制症状或减缓病情进展，但会带来极大不便、风险和成本。因此，需要更好地了解AD的危险因素和病理生理学，以制定新的预防和治疗策略。衰老 是AD最重要的危险因素。阐明衰老的分子机制可能会提示新的治疗靶点。虽然衰老是不可避免的，但热量过剩可能会加速衰老，而热量限制（CR）或间歇性禁食可能会减缓衰老。因此，CR可能会减缓衰老并降低所有衰老相关疾病的风险，包括AD所致痴呆。关于CR、间歇性禁食以及使用白藜芦醇等多酚类物质（一种模拟CR的药物）进行治疗的文献，基于临床结果以及衰老和AD的生物标志物，支持了这一假设。需要更多研究来探索CR在调节人类衰老和AD进展中的作用，以填补我们认知上的空白，并制定更安全、更有效的AD预防和治疗策略。
