Shu Fuxing, Wang Dongdong, Sarsaiya Surendra, Jin Leilei, Liu Kai, Zhao Mengru, Wang Xin, Yao Zhaoxu, Chen Guoguang, Chen Jishuang
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Apr 8;15:1343222. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343222. eCollection 2024.
Bulbil is an important asexual reproductive structure of bulbil plants. It mainly grows in leaf axils, leaf forks, tubers and the upper and near ground ends of flower stems of plants. They play a significant role in the reproduction of numerous herbaceous plant species by serving as agents of plant propagation, energy reserves, and survival mechanisms in adverse environmental conditions. Despite extensive research on bulbil-plants regarding their resources, development mechanisms, and utilisation, a comprehensive review of bulbil is lacking, hindering progress in exploiting bulbil resources. This paper provides a systematic overview of bulbil research, including bulbil-plant resources, identification of development stages and maturity of bulbils, cellular and molecular mechanisms of bulbil development, factors influencing bulbil development, gene research related to bulbil development, multi-bulbil phenomenon and its significance, medicinal value of bulbils, breeding value of bulbils, and the application of plant tissue culture technology in bulbil production. The application value of the Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) and Terahertz (THz) in bulbil breeding is also discussed, offering a comprehensive blueprint for further bulbil resource development. Additionally, additive, seven areas that require attention are proposed: (1) Utilization of modern network technologies, such as plant recognition apps or websites, to collect and identify bulbous plant resources efficiently and extensively; (2) Further research on cell and tissue structures that influence bulb cell development; (3) Investigation of the network regulatory relationship between genes, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetics in bulbil development; (4) Exploration of the potential utilization value of multiple sprouts, including medicinal, ecological, and horticultural applications; (5) Innovation and optimization of the plant tissue culture system for bulbils; (6) Comprehensive application research of TIBS for large-scale expansion of bulbil production; (7) To find out the common share genetics between bulbils and flowers.
珠芽是珠芽植物重要的无性繁殖结构。它主要生长在植物的叶腋、叶叉、块茎以及花茎的上部和近地端。它们在众多草本植物物种的繁殖中发挥着重要作用，可作为植物繁殖的媒介、能量储备以及在不利环境条件下的生存机制。尽管对珠芽植物的资源、发育机制和利用进行了广泛研究，但缺乏对珠芽的全面综述，这阻碍了珠芽资源开发的进展。本文对珠芽研究进行了系统概述，包括珠芽植物资源、珠芽发育阶段和成熟度的鉴定、珠芽发育的细胞和分子机制、影响珠芽发育的因素、与珠芽发育相关的基因研究、多珠芽现象及其意义、珠芽的药用价值、珠芽的育种价值以及植物组织培养技术在珠芽生产中的应用。还讨论了临时浸没生物反应器系统（TIBS）和太赫兹（THz）在珠芽育种中的应用价值，为进一步开发珠芽资源提供了全面的蓝图。此外，还提出了七个需要关注的方面：（1）利用现代网络技术，如植物识别应用程序或网站，高效、广泛地收集和鉴定球茎植物资源；（2）进一步研究影响球茎细胞发育的细胞和组织结构；（3）研究珠芽发育过程中基因、蛋白质、代谢物和表观遗传学之间的网络调控关系；（4）探索多芽的潜在利用价值，包括药用、生态和园艺应用；（5）创新和优化珠芽的植物组织培养系统；（6）TIBS在大规模扩大珠芽生产中的综合应用研究；（7）找出珠芽和花之间的共同遗传特征。
