Almayahi Zayid K, Al Hattali Mahfoudha, Al Kharusi Zalkha, Al Shaqsi Dalal, Anis Khairy
Disease Surveillance and Control Department, Ministry of Health, South Batinah, Rustaq, Oman Email:
Wadi Mistal Hospital, Primary Health Care Department, Ministry of Health, South Batinah, Wadi Mawel, Oman.
Qatar Med J. 2024 Mar 14;2024(1):15. doi: 10.5339/qmj.2024.15. eCollection 2024.
Myiasis is a neglected disease, characterized by ill-defined diagnostics and management protocols. Published epidemiological and clinical studies of myiasis are still scarce, although several countries, such as Oman, have reported a few cases over the past 30 years. This study explores the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of myiasis in South Batinah Governorate (SBG), Oman.
A prospective surveillance study was conducted in SBG from 1st November 2018 to 31st October 2019. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected using a pre-designed reporting form for suspected and confirmed cases.
A total of 188 cases were reported, of which 81.4% were male. One-third of cases were 11-20 years old, and a quarter reported exposure inside house. The rate of exposure was 16 per 10000 in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel. About 57% patients reported multiple re-exposure. Almost 60% of patients developed nasal or oral myiasis, 25% developed myiasis in the eye, and 4% in the ear. The most common respiratory symptoms were cough (83%), runny nose (48%), and foreign body sensation (35%). Over 50% of patients with eye exposures had redness, pain, and itchiness. Most patients (89.3%) kept animals at homes. Many cases occurred between December 2018 and April 2019, with almost one-third of exposures occurring at 5 p.m. Re-exposure likelihood for patients residing in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel was high; OR = 2.49 (95% CI 1.14-5.45), with OR = 3.59 (95% CI 1.37-9.39) for 11-20-year-olds and, OR = 3.01 (95% CI 1.07-8.42) for patients ≥ 31 years.
The myiasis exposure rate is high in certain areas and age groups, which is most likely associated with animal-related activities. The disease has a significant impact upon people's health in SBG. Therefore, urgent active-surveillance and clinical studies are warranted to explore possible preventive measures and treatment options. Adopting one health approach could offer an effective strategy for preventing myiasis in human and animal populations.
蝇蛆病是一种被忽视的疾病，其诊断和管理方案尚不明确。尽管阿曼等几个国家在过去30年中报告了一些病例，但已发表的关于蝇蛆病的流行病学和临床研究仍然很少。本研究探讨了阿曼南巴提奈省（SBG）蝇蛆病的流行病学特征和临床特点。
2018年11月1日至2019年10月31日在SBG进行了一项前瞻性监测研究。使用预先设计的报告表收集疑似和确诊病例的临床和流行病学数据。
共报告188例病例，其中81.4%为男性。三分之一的病例年龄在11 - 20岁之间，四分之一的病例报告在家中接触过。纳哈尔和瓦迪马韦勒的接触率为每10000人中有16例。约57%的患者报告有多次再次接触。近60%的患者发生鼻或口腔蝇蛆病，25%的患者眼部发生蝇蛆病，4%的患者耳部发生蝇蛆病。最常见的呼吸道症状是咳嗽（83%）、流鼻涕（48%）和异物感（35%）。超过50%的眼部接触患者出现发红、疼痛和瘙痒。大多数患者（89.3%）在家中饲养动物。许多病例发生在2018年12月至2019年4月之间，近三分之一的接触发生在下午5点。居住在纳哈尔和瓦迪马韦勒的患者再次接触的可能性很高；比值比（OR）= 2.49（95%置信区间1.14 - 5.45），11 - 20岁患者的OR = 3.59（95%置信区间1.37 - 9.39），≥31岁患者的OR = 3.01（95%置信区间1.07 - 8.42）。
在某些地区和年龄组中，蝇蛆病的接触率很高，这很可能与动物相关活动有关。该疾病对SBG地区人们的健康有重大影响。因此，有必要进行紧急的主动监测和临床研究，以探索可能的预防措施和治疗方案。采用“同一健康”方法可为预防人类和动物群体中的蝇蛆病提供有效策略。
