School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
Small. 2024 Aug;20(35):e2400353. doi: 10.1002/smll.202400353. Epub 2024 Apr 23.
Chemotherapy is crucial in oncology for combating malignant tumors but often encounters obatacles such as severe adverse effects, drug resistance, and biocompatibility issues. The advantages of degradable silica nanoparticles in tumor diagnosis and treatment lie in their ability to target drug delivery, minimizing toxicity to normal tissues while enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, their responsiveness to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli opens up new possibilities for integrating multiple treatment modalities. This review scrutinizes the burgeoning utility of degradable silica nanoparticles in combination with chemotherapy and other treatment modalities. Commencing the elucidation of degradable silica synthesis and degradation mechanisms, emphasis is placed on the responsiveness of these materials to endogenous (e.g., pH, redox reactions, hypoxia, and enzymes) and exogenous stimuli (e.g., light and high-intensity focused ultrasound). Moreover, this exploration delves into strategies harnessing degradable silica nanoparticles in chemotherapy alone, coupled with radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, gas therapy, immunotherapy, starvation therapy, and chemodynamic therapy, elucidating multimodal synergies. Concluding with an assessment of advances, challenges, and constraints in oncology, despite hurdles, future investigations are anticipated to augment the role of degradable silica in cancer therapy. These insights can serve as a compass for devising more efficacious combined tumor treatment strategies.
化疗在肿瘤学中对于对抗恶性肿瘤至关重要，但常常面临严重的副作用、耐药性和生物相容性等问题。可降解硅纳米粒子在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的优势在于其能够靶向药物输送，最大限度地减少对正常组织的毒性，同时增强治疗效果。此外，它们对内源性和外源性刺激的响应为整合多种治疗模式开辟了新的可能性。本综述仔细研究了可降解硅纳米粒子与化疗和其他治疗模式相结合的新兴应用。本文首先阐明了可降解硅纳米粒子的合成和降解机制，重点介绍了这些材料对内源性（如 pH 值、氧化还原反应、缺氧和酶）和外源性刺激（如光和高强度聚焦超声）的响应。此外，本文还探讨了利用可降解硅纳米粒子在化疗中的单一应用，以及与放射治疗、光热治疗、光动力治疗、气体治疗、免疫治疗、饥饿治疗和化学动力学治疗相结合的策略，阐明了多种模式的协同作用。最后，本文评估了肿瘤学中的进展、挑战和限制，尽管存在障碍，但预计未来的研究将增加可降解硅在癌症治疗中的作用。这些见解可以作为设计更有效的联合肿瘤治疗策略的指南针。
