Kerr William C, Lui Camillia K, Ye Yu, Li Libo, Greenfield Thomas, Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J, Martinez Priscilla
Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA.
Center for Health Behavior and Implementation Science, RTI International, Berkeley, California, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2024 Jul;48(7):1322-1335. doi: 10.1111/acer.15335. Epub 2024 Apr 24.
Despite substantial declines in underage drinking and binge drinking, alcohol consumption has increased in the past 30 years. This study examined how beverage-specific drinking patterns varied by sex, age, and race and ethnicity from 1979 to 2020.
Secondary data analysis was conducted on pooled data from the National Alcohol Survey series from 1979 to 2020 of a sample of U.S. adults ages 18 years or older. Total and beverage-specific volume were calculated from graduated frequency questions on reported beverage type, which included beer, wine, and spirits. Sex-stratified analyses focused on descriptive trends of each alcohol measure over time and by age and race and ethnicity. Time-varying effect models were also conducted to identify subgroups at higher risk for increased consumption over time.
Women's drinking increased, with alcohol volume rising substantially from 2000 to 2020; the largest increase was among women 30 and older. Men's alcohol volume also rose over this period but remained below the levels of 1979 and 1984, with older adults increasing their consumption those 18-29 decreased their drinking. Beverage-specific trends showed some similarities by gender: in 2020, wine volume was at its highest level for both women and men, while spirits volume also was at its highest level for men and in women was tied with the 1979 peak in spirits consumption. Increases were also found among Black men and women and Latina women from 2000 to 2020.
Given the increases in alcohol volume, particularly among women and older age groups, alcohol policy, interventions, and education should consider ways to reduce harms associated with alcohol use among these groups. Continued monitoring of beverage-specific drinking patterns is needed to track policy-relevant changes.
尽管未成年人饮酒和暴饮现象大幅减少，但在过去30年中酒精消费量仍有所增加。本研究调查了1979年至2020年期间按性别、年龄、种族和族裔划分的特定饮料饮酒模式如何变化。
对1979年至2020年美国国家酒精调查系列中18岁及以上成年人样本的汇总数据进行二次数据分析。根据报告的饮料类型（包括啤酒、葡萄酒和烈酒）的分级频率问题计算总饮酒量和特定饮料饮酒量。按性别分层的分析重点关注每种酒精指标随时间以及按年龄、种族和族裔划分的描述性趋势。还采用了时变效应模型来识别随着时间推移饮酒量增加风险较高的亚组。
女性饮酒量增加，2000年至2020年期间酒精消费量大幅上升；增幅最大的是30岁及以上的女性。在此期间男性的酒精消费量也有所上升，但仍低于1979年和1984年的水平，老年人饮酒量增加，而18至29岁的人饮酒量减少。特定饮料的趋势在性别方面显示出一些相似之处：2020年，葡萄酒消费量对男性和女性来说都处于最高水平，而烈酒消费量对男性来说也处于最高水平，对女性来说则与1979年烈酒消费峰值持平。2000年至2020年期间，黑人男性和女性以及拉丁裔女性的饮酒量也有所增加。
鉴于酒精消费量增加了，尤其是在女性和老年人群体中，酒精政策、干预措施和教育应考虑如何减少这些群体中与饮酒相关的危害。需要持续监测特定饮料的饮酒模式，以跟踪与政策相关的变化。
