Keyes Katherine M, Platt Jonathan, Rutherford Caroline, Patrick Megan E, Kloska Deborah D, Schulenberg John, Jager Justin
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
SSM Popul Health. 2021 Sep 10;15:100919. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100919. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Gender differences in binge drinking have converged in recent cohorts, due in part to faster decreases in consumption among boys in adolescence, and faster increases in consumption among women in young to middle adulthood. Changes in education and occupation explain a portion, but not all, of these differences; the present study examines how attitudes about gender, religion and family additionally explain cohort effects in binge drinking by sex. Data were drawn from the Monitoring the Future panel studies, including >54,000 participants who were high school seniors from 1976 through 2006, followed to age 29/30 from 1988 through 2016. The main effect relationship between cohort and binge drinking was assessed, and 28 items on gender, religion and family were evaluated to determine if mediation criteria were met; mediation models assessed direct and indirect effects. Results indicated that gender, religion and family attitudes and beliefs among US adults across the 20 th and 21 st centuries have shifted dramatically but not monotonically. US adolescents and adults have largely become less religious; some attitudes on women and family have become less conservative and some more. Among men, views on marriage showed the largest mediation effects; agreeing with the statement 'one partner is too restrictive' mediated 3.35% of the cohort effect (95% C.I. 2.42, 4.31) and 'couples should live together before they are married' mediated 1.6% of the cohort effect (95% C.I. -2.37, -0.8). Among women, declines in religious service attendance mediated 2.0% of cohort effects in binge drinking (95% C.I. -3.03, -1.09), as well as similar family attitudes as men. In conclusion, changes in social roles, as well as some gender, and religious views, partially mediate cohort effects on binge drinking for men and women. The dynamic changes in how adolescents and adults view family and gender are important components of alcohol epidemiology.
在最近几代人群中，暴饮暴食方面的性别差异已经趋同，部分原因是青少年男性的饮酒量下降更快，而青年到中年女性的饮酒量增长更快。教育和职业的变化解释了这些差异的一部分，但并非全部；本研究探讨了关于性别、宗教和家庭的态度如何进一步解释按性别划分的暴饮暴食方面的代际效应。数据来自“监测未来”面板研究，包括1976年至2006年的54000多名高中毕业生参与者，从1988年至2016年跟踪到29/30岁。评估了代际与暴饮暴食之间的主要效应关系，并对28项关于性别、宗教和家庭的项目进行了评估，以确定是否满足中介标准；中介模型评估了直接和间接效应。结果表明，20世纪和21世纪美国成年人在性别、宗教和家庭态度及信仰方面发生了巨大但并非单调的变化。美国青少年和成年人的宗教信仰总体上有所减少；一些关于女性和家庭的态度变得不那么保守，而一些则变得更加保守。在男性中，对婚姻的看法显示出最大的中介效应；同意“一个伴侣限制太多”这一说法介导了3.35%的代际效应（95%置信区间2.42，4.31），“情侣在结婚前应该同居”介导了1.6%的代际效应（95%置信区间-2.37，-0.8）。在女性中，参加宗教仪式人数的下降介导了暴饮暴食方面2.0%的代际效应（95%置信区间-3.03，-1.09），以及与男性类似的家庭态度。总之，社会角色以及一些性别和宗教观点的变化部分介导了代际对男性和女性暴饮暴食的影响。青少年和成年人对家庭和性别的看法的动态变化是酒精流行病学的重要组成部分。
