Centro de Alto Rendimiento (CAR), Av. Alcalde Barnils s/nSant Cugat del Valles, 08173, Barcelona, Spain.
Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Carretera de Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
J Bone Miner Metab. 2021 Sep;39(5):858-867. doi: 10.1007/s00774-021-01224-3. Epub 2021 Apr 11.
Artistic swimming seems not to benefit bone development like other out-of-water physical activities. To increase bone acquisition, artistic swimming should combine water training with weight-bearing impact or strength activities. Artistic swimmers can be a population at risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis in later life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a training program on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and body composition in an Olympic artistic swimming team.
Sixteen women aged 17-21 years, who train 30 h/week, at the Olympic Training Centre (Barcelona, Spain), were followed up over two seasons. The 1st season involved regular artistic swimming training without specific training to reduce the risk of osteopenia. The exercise intervention, jumping rope and whole-body vibration, was added in the 2nd season. The protocol included 20 min of training 2 days per week, over a 22-week period. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measured the bone variables and body composition. The daily diet, medical history and bone turnover markers were evaluated.
The intervention program increased BMD on lumbar spine (2.10%, p = 0.002), total hip (2.07%, p = 0.001), and femoral neck (2.39%, p = 0.02). Lower limb's fat mass decreased (10.17%, p = 0.038). No significant differences were found for any of the measured anthropometric characteristics between both time points in the 1st season. In conclusions, combined jump rope and vibration should be considered to reduce the risk of bone damage in artistic swimmers.
花样游泳似乎不像其他水上运动那样有益于骨骼发育。为了增加骨量，花样游泳应该将水上训练与负重冲击或力量活动结合起来。花样游泳运动员可能是日后出现骨质疏松症和骨量减少的高危人群。本研究旨在评估一项训练计划对一个花样游泳奥林匹克训练中心的 16 名 17-21 岁女性运动员的骨密度（BMD）、骨矿物质含量（BMC）和身体成分的影响。
16 名年龄在 17-21 岁的女性，每周训练 30 小时，在巴塞罗那奥林匹克训练中心接受随访两个赛季。第一个赛季涉及常规的花样游泳训练，没有专门的训练来降低骨质疏松症的风险。第二个赛季增加了跳绳和全身振动的运动干预。该方案包括每周训练 2 天，每天 20 分钟，共 22 周。双能 X 射线吸收法测量骨变量和身体成分。评估了日常饮食、病史和骨转换标志物。
干预计划使腰椎（2.10%，p=0.002）、全髋（2.07%，p=0.001）和股骨颈（2.39%，p=0.02）的 BMD 增加。下肢脂肪量减少（10.17%，p=0.038）。在第一个赛季的两个时间点之间，任何测量的人体测量特征都没有显著差异。总之，应考虑结合跳绳和振动来降低花样游泳运动员骨损伤的风险。
