Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
J Diet Suppl. 2021;18(4):444-460. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1783422. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
This paper aimed to: (a) critically review studies that explored the isolated and combined effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate ingestion on exercise performance; (b) discuss some of the possible reasons for the discrepancy in findings; and, (c) provide suggestions for future studies. Out of the eight studies that examined this topic, only one study found that the combined ingestion of both supplements provided additive effects. In other studies, the following findings were observed: (a) only caffeine was ergogenic; (b) isolated and combined ingestion of both supplements was comparably ergogenic; (c) neither isolated nor combined ingestion of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate provided a performance-enhancing effect; and, (d) caffeine and caffeine plus sodium bicarbonate improved performance compared to sodium bicarbonate (but not as compared to placebo). Even though studies used currently recommended protocols of caffeine supplementation and exercise tasks for which the isolated ergogenic effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate are already established, the response to sodium bicarbonate supplementation was very variable, which might largely explain the discrepancies in the findings. The protocols of sodium bicarbonate ingestion generally resulted in high incidence and severity of side-effects, which might have had a negative effect on exercise performance. Future studies that optimize protocols of sodium bicarbonate supplementation are needed to fully explore if combining caffeine and sodium bicarbonate indeed provides any additive effects on exercise performance.
(a) 批判性地回顾探讨咖啡因和碳酸氢钠单独和联合摄入对运动表现影响的研究；(b) 讨论造成研究结果差异的一些可能原因；(c) 为未来的研究提供建议。在研究这个课题的八项研究中，只有一项研究发现，两种补充剂的联合摄入具有附加作用。在其他研究中，观察到以下发现：(a) 只有咖啡因具有促进作用；(b) 两种补充剂的单独和联合摄入同样具有促进作用；(c) 咖啡因和碳酸氢钠的单独或联合摄入均未提供增强运动表现的效果；(d) 与碳酸氢钠（但与安慰剂相比）相比，咖啡因和咖啡因加碳酸氢钠提高了运动表现。尽管研究使用了目前推荐的咖啡因补充方案和运动任务，这些方案已经确立了咖啡因和碳酸氢钠的单独促进作用，但碳酸氢钠补充的反应非常多样化，这可能在很大程度上解释了研究结果的差异。碳酸氢钠摄入的方案通常会导致副作用的发生率和严重程度较高，这可能对运动表现产生负面影响。需要优化碳酸氢钠补充方案的未来研究，以充分探讨咖啡因和碳酸氢钠的联合摄入是否确实对运动表现有任何附加作用。
