Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino, Navascués Ana, Fernández-Huerta Miguel, Martínez-Baz Iván, Casado Itziar, Ezpeleta Carmen, Castilla Jesús
Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.
CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Viruses. 2024 Mar 29;16(4):533. doi: 10.3390/v16040533.
Although the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 circulated intensely during the 2021-2022 season, many patients with severe acute respiratory disease tested negative for COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of different respiratory viruses in deceased persons. The proportion of deceased persons with respiratory viral infections in the 2021-2022 season in Navarre, Spain, was estimated considering all deaths caused by confirmed COVID-19 according to the epidemiological surveillance and the results of multiplex PCR tests for respiratory viruses performed in a sample of deceased persons with a cause of death other than COVID-19. Of 3578 deaths, 324 (9.1%) were initially reported as caused by pre-mortem confirmed COVID-19. A sample of 242 persons who died by causes other than COVID-19 were tested post-mortem; 64 (26.4%) of them were positive for any respiratory virus: 11.2% for SARS-CoV-2, 5.8% for rhinovirus, 3.7% for human coronavirus, 2.5% for metapneumovirus, 1.7% for respiratory syncytial virus, 1.7% for parainfluenza, 1.2% for influenza, and less than 1% each for adenovirus and bocavirus. Combining both approaches, we estimated that 34.4% of all deceased persons during the study period had a respiratory viral infection and 19.2% had SARS-CoV-2. Only 33.3% (9/27) of SARS-CoV-2 and 5.0% (2/40) of other viruses detected post-mortem had previously been confirmed pre-mortem. In a period with very intense circulation of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic, other respiratory viruses were also frequently present in deceased persons. Some SARS-CoV-2 infections and most other viral infections were not diagnosed pre-mortem. Several respiratory viruses may contribute to excess mortality in winter.
尽管严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的奥密克戎变异株在2021-2022年期间广泛传播，但许多患有严重急性呼吸道疾病的患者新冠病毒检测呈阴性。本研究的目的是评估死者中不同呼吸道病毒的存在情况。根据流行病学监测以及对死因非新冠病毒感染的死者样本进行的呼吸道病毒多重聚合酶链反应检测结果，估算了2021-2022年西班牙纳瓦拉地区死于呼吸道病毒感染的死者比例。在3578例死亡病例中，324例（9.1%）最初报告为生前确诊的新冠病毒感染所致。对242例死因非新冠病毒感染的死者进行了尸检；其中64例（26.4%）的任何呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2为11.2%，鼻病毒为5.8%，人冠状病毒为3.7%，偏肺病毒为2.5%，呼吸道合胞病毒为1.7%，副流感病毒为1.7%，流感病毒为1.2%，腺病毒和博卡病毒均低于1%。综合两种方法，我们估计在研究期间所有死者中有34.4%患有呼吸道病毒感染，19.2%感染了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2。尸检检测出的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2中只有33.3%（9/27）和其他病毒中只有5.0%（2/40）生前曾被确诊。在大流行期间严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2广泛传播的时期，其他呼吸道病毒在死者中也很常见。一些严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2感染和大多数其他病毒感染生前未被诊断出来。几种呼吸道病毒可能导致冬季死亡率上升。
