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在德尔塔到奥密克戎变异株过渡期,约旦亚人群中 SARS-COV-2 和其他呼吸道病原体的流行情况:2021/2022 年冬季。

Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory pathogens among a Jordanian subpopulation during Delta-to-Omicron transition: Winter 2021/2022.

机构信息

Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.

Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2023 Mar 30;18(3):e0283804. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283804. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the winter months are associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to other seasons of the year, with children below five, elderly, and immunocompromised patients being the most susceptible. Influenza A and B viruses, rhinovirus, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses, are the most frequently identified causes of viral ARTIs. In addition, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 provided an additional viral cause of ARTIs. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the epidemiological status of upper respiratory infections, their main causative agents, and reported clinical presentation in the winter months of 2021, during two important surges of COVID-19 in Jordan. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 339 symptomatic patients during the period from December 2021 to March 2022, followed by nucleic acid isolation using a Viral RNA/DNA extraction Kit. The causative virus species associated with the patient's respiratory symptoms was determined utilizing a multiplex real-time PCR targeting 21 viruses, 11 bacteria, and a single fungus. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 39.2% of the patients (n = 133/339). A total of 15 different pathogens were also identified as co-infections among these 133 patients (n = 67/133). SARS-CoV-2-Bacterial coinfections (37.6%, n = 50/133) were the most frequent, with Bordetella species being the most common, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, and H.influenzae type B. Viral coinfection rate was 27.8% (n = 37/133), with Influenza B virus and Human bocavirus being the most common. In Conclusion, Both SARS-CoV-2, influenza B virus, and Bordetella accounted for the majority of infections in patients with URTI during the winter months of 2021-2022. Interestingly, more than 50% of the patients with symptoms of URTIs were confirmed to have a coinfection with two or more respiratory pathogens, with SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella coinfection being most predominant.

摘要

在冬季,急性呼吸道感染(ARTIs)的发病率和死亡率高于其他季节,五岁以下儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下的患者是最易感染的人群。甲型和乙型流感病毒、鼻病毒、冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒和副流感病毒是引起病毒性 ARTIs 的最常见原因。此外,2019 年 SARS-CoV-2 的出现为 ARTIs 提供了另一种病毒病因。本研究旨在概述上呼吸道感染的流行病学状况、主要病原体以及 2021 年冬季两次约旦 COVID-19 大流行期间报告的临床特征。在 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 3 月期间,从 339 名有症状的患者中采集鼻咽样本,然后使用病毒 RNA/DNA 提取试剂盒进行核酸分离。利用针对 21 种病毒、11 种细菌和 1 种真菌的多重实时 PCR 确定与患者呼吸道症状相关的病毒种。在 39.2%的患者(n=133/339)中鉴定出 SARS-CoV-2。在这 133 名患者中(n=67/133)还鉴定出了 15 种不同的病原体共感染。SARS-CoV-2-细菌共感染(37.6%,n=50/133)最为常见,最常见的病原体是博德特菌属,其次是金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型流感嗜血杆菌。病毒共感染率为 27.8%(n=37/133),最常见的是乙型流感病毒和人博卡病毒。总之,2021-2022 年冬季,SARS-CoV-2、乙型流感病毒和博德特菌属是 URTI 患者感染的主要病原体。有趣的是,超过 50%的 URTI 症状患者被证实合并两种或两种以上呼吸道病原体感染,以 SARS-CoV-2 和博德特菌属共感染最为常见。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e59e/10062597/ce41a41f356f/pone.0283804.g001.jpg

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