Sepehrinia Mahya, Farahani Hojjatollah, Watson Peter, Amini Nasim
Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2024 Apr 12;15:1372229. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372229. eCollection 2024.
Social pain is an emotional reaction which is triggered by social exclusion and has been extensively investigated in the literature. The Social Pain Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument which is the only scale for measuring social pain as a dispositional factor. The current study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the SPQ in an Iranian sample.
A sample of participants ( = 400) was recruited in a cross-sectional validation study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as well as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted. The Item Response Theory (IRT) model parameters were evaluated and item response category curves were presented. Convergent and divergent validities as well as the reliability (by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient) were also assessed.
The SPQ's unidimensionality was affirmed (RMSEA = 0.078; CFI = 0.915; TLI = 0.99) and its internal consistency was robust (Cronbach's α = 0.94). The correlation between the SPQ and the following measures endorsed its divergent and convergent validity: Self-esteem ( = -0.424), Perceived Social Support ( = -0.161), and Interpersonal Sensitivity ( = 0.636). Finally, Item Response Theory Analysis emphasized the effectiveness of the SPQ items in discerning various levels of social pain. The theta level ranged between -1 and + 1.2 and the IRT-based marginal reliability was 0.92 for the total score.
The Persian SPQ stands as a reliable and valid measure for evaluating social pain. This scale has the potential to stimulate further research in the field for both clinical and non-clinical settings.
By employing Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis, we have transcended the theoretical psychometric evaluation of the SPQ scale and demonstrated that SPQ is a unidimensional, valid and reliable measurement tool.
社会疼痛是一种由社会排斥引发的情绪反应，在文献中已得到广泛研究。社会疼痛问卷（SPQ）是一种自我报告工具，是测量作为一种特质因素的社会疼痛的唯一量表。本研究旨在检验SPQ在伊朗样本中的心理测量特性。
在一项横断面验证研究中招募了400名参与者作为样本。进行了探索性因素分析（EFA）和验证性因素分析（CFA）。评估了项目反应理论（IRT）模型参数并呈现了项目反应类别曲线。还评估了聚合效度和区分效度以及信度（使用克朗巴哈α系数）。
确认了SPQ的单维度性（RMSEA = 0.078；CFI = 0.915；TLI = 0.99），其内部一致性较强（克朗巴哈α = 0.94）。SPQ与以下测量指标之间的相关性支持了其区分效度和聚合效度：自尊（r = -0.424）、感知社会支持（r = -0.161）和人际敏感性（r = 0.636）。最后，项目反应理论分析强调了SPQ项目在区分不同水平社会疼痛方面的有效性。θ水平在-1至 +1.2之间，基于IRT的总分边际信度为0.92。
波斯语版SPQ是评估社会疼痛的可靠有效测量工具。该量表有可能促进该领域在临床和非临床环境中的进一步研究。
通过采用项目反应理论（IRT）分析，我们超越了对SPQ量表的理论心理测量评估，并证明SPQ是一种单维度、有效且可靠的测量工具。
