Shirwany Abdul Sammad Ali Khan, Awais Mian Muhammad, Anwar Muhammad Irfan, Hameed Muhammad Raza, Akhtar Masood, Ijaz Nabeel, Gill Shakera Sadiq, Ali Muhammad Amjad, Bhatti Muhammad Sibtain, Chaudhry Mamoona
One Health Research Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2024 Mar 12;11(1):9-18. doi: 10.5455/javar.2024.k741. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Keeping in view the economic and veterinary public health importance of brucellosis, this research was conducted to determine its seroprevalence and associated risk determinants in small ruminants in district Khanewal, Southern Punjab, Pakistan.
Two-stage cluster sampling technique was used for sampling, and the sample size was calculated using C-survey 2.0. Accordingly, sera samples ( = 392) were collected from small ruminants in the study area from October 2022 to July 2023. All the samples were tested for the presence of anti- antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), followed by confirmation of all the samples using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (ID.vet®, France; sensitivity and specificity=100%, each).
The seropositivity rate of brucellosis was 7.14% [ = 28/392; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.87%-10.12%] by RBPT, whereas the results of ELISA showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 7.40% ( = 29/392; 95% CI = 5.11%-10.37%) in the study population. Univariate analysis of risk factors revealed that abortion history (AH), retained fetal membranes (RFMs), repeat breeding, flock size (FS), educational status of farmers (ESFs), awareness about brucellosis (AB), and farm hygiene had a significant association with the seroprevalence of brucellosis ( < 0.05). The multivariate analysis using a binary logistic regression model revealed that variables including tehsil, FS, AH, RFM, ESF, AB, and farming system were significant factors ( < 0.05) associated with brucellosis in the target population.
Brucellosis is prevalent in small ruminants in Khanewal, Pakistan. The disease burden can be reduced by improving the reproductive health of animals, farm hygiene, and farmers' awareness about the diseases. Further studies are needed on a larger scale to devise stringent disease control strategies to avoid losses associated with brucellosis at regional, national, and global levels.
鉴于布鲁氏菌病在经济和兽医公共卫生方面的重要性，本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦旁遮普省南部卡内瓦尔地区小型反刍动物中布鲁氏菌病的血清流行率及其相关风险决定因素。
采用两阶段整群抽样技术进行抽样，并使用C-survey 2.0计算样本量。据此，于2022年10月至2023年7月从研究区域的小型反刍动物中采集血清样本（n = 392）。所有样本均通过玫瑰红平板试验（RBPT）检测抗布鲁氏菌抗体的存在，随后使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒（ID.vet®，法国；灵敏度和特异性均为100%）对所有样本进行确认。
通过RBPT检测，布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性率为7.14%[n = 28/392；95%置信区间（CI）= 4.87% - 10.12%]，而ELISA结果显示研究人群中总体血清流行率为7.40%（n = 29/392；9% CI = 5.11% - 10.37%）。风险因素的单因素分析显示，流产史（AH）、胎膜残留（RFM）、重复配种、畜群规模（FS）、农民教育程度（ESF）、对布鲁氏菌病的认知（AB）和农场卫生状况与布鲁氏菌病的血清流行率有显著关联（P < 0.05）。使用二元逻辑回归模型进行的多因素分析显示，包括乡、FS、AH、RFM、ESF、AB和养殖系统等变量是目标人群中与布鲁氏菌病相关的显著因素（P < 0.05）。
布鲁氏菌病在巴基斯坦卡内瓦尔的小型反刍动物中普遍存在。可通过改善动物生殖健康、农场卫生状况以及农民对疾病的认知来减轻疾病负担。需要进行更大规模的进一步研究，以制定严格的疾病控制策略，避免在区域、国家和全球层面与布鲁氏菌病相关的损失。
