Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Med Educ Online. 2024 Dec 31;29(1):2347767. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2347767. Epub 2024 May 2.
Women pursuing a career in surgery or related disciplines are still in the minority, despite the fact that women compose at least half of the medical student population in most Western countries. Thus, recruiting and retaining female surgeons remains an important challenge to meet the need for surgeons and increase the quality of care. The participations were female medical students between their third and fifth academic year. In this study, we applied the well-established psychological theory of planned behavior (TPB) which suggests that the intention to perform a behavior (e.g. pursuing a career in surgery) is the most critical and immediate predictor of performing the behavior. We investigated whether a two-part short-mentoring seminar significantly increases students' intention to pursue a career in a surgical or related specialty after graduation.
The mentoring and role-model seminar was conducted at 2 days for 90 minutes by six inspiring female role models with a remarkable career in surgical or related disciplines. Participants ( = 57) filled in an online survey before (T0) and after the seminar (T1). A pre-post comparison of central TPB concept attitude towards the behavior, 2) occupational self-efficacy and 3) social norm) was conducted using a paired sampled t-test. A follow-up survey was administered 12 months later (T2).
The mentoring seminar positively impacted female students' attitude towards a career in a surgical specialty. Female students reported a significantly increased positive attitude ( < .001) and significantly higher self-efficacy expectations ( < .001) towards a surgical career after participating in the mentoring seminar. Regarding their career intention after the seminar, female students declared a significantly higher intention to pursue a career in a surgical specialty after graduating ( < .001) and this effect seems to be sustainable after 1 year.
For the first time we could show that short-mentoring and demonstrating role models in a seminar surrounding has a significant impact on female medical student decision´s to pursue a career in a surgery speciality. This concept may be a practical and efficient concept to refine the gender disparity in surgery and related disciplines.
尽管在大多数西方国家，女性至少占医学生总数的一半，但从事外科或相关学科职业的女性仍然占少数。因此，招聘和留住女外科医生仍然是一个重要的挑战，以满足对外科医生的需求并提高护理质量。参与者为第三至第五学年的女医学生。在这项研究中，我们应用了成熟的计划行为心理学理论（TPB），该理论表明，行为意图（例如从事外科职业）是行为表现的最关键和最直接的预测因素。我们调查了为期两天的 90 分钟的两部分短期指导研讨会是否会显着增加学生毕业后从事外科或相关专业的职业意向。
由六位在外科或相关领域具有出色职业的鼓舞人心的女性榜样进行指导和榜样研讨会。参与者（n=57）在研讨会之前（T0）和之后（T1）填写了在线调查。使用配对样本 t 检验对 TPB 概念的中心概念进行了前后比较：1）对行为的态度，2）职业自我效能感和 3）社会规范）。12 个月后（T2）进行了后续调查。
指导研讨会对女学生从事外科专业的职业态度产生了积极影响。女学生报告说，参加指导研讨会后，对外科职业的态度明显更加积极（<0.001），对外科职业的自我效能期望也明显更高（<0.001）。关于研讨会后的职业意向，女学生宣布毕业后从事外科专业的职业意向明显更高（<0.001），并且这种影响在 1 年后似乎仍然可持续。
我们首次表明，短时间的指导和在研讨会中展示榜样对女医学生选择从事外科专业有重大影响。这个概念可能是一个实用且有效的概念，可以完善外科和相关学科中的性别差距。
