Karthik Vijayakumar, Koshy Kiren George, Asok Arsha, Chettiar Selvarajan
Endocrinology, Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Government Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
BMJ Case Rep. 2024 May 2;17(5):e259111. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259111.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal disorder that occurs as a rare complication of childhood measles. Symptoms typically manifest between the ages of 5 and 15. While the incidence of SSPE is declining globally, it is still prevalent in regions where measles remains common and vaccination rates are low due to poverty and lack of health education. Diagnosing SSPE can be challenging, particularly when patients exhibit unusual symptoms. A thorough clinical evaluation, including vaccination history, physical examination, electroencephalogram (EEG) and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, can help in making a diagnosis. We present the case of a young woman in her early 20s who initially experienced depressive symptoms, followed by myoclonus, dementia and visual impairment. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with SSPE based on characteristic EEG findings, neuroimaging results, CSF analysis and elevated serum measles antibody levels.
亚急性硬化性全脑炎（SSPE）是一种致命性疾病，是儿童麻疹罕见的并发症。症状通常在5至15岁之间出现。虽然全球范围内SSPE的发病率在下降，但在麻疹仍然常见且由于贫困和缺乏健康教育导致疫苗接种率低的地区，它仍然很普遍。诊断SSPE可能具有挑战性，尤其是当患者表现出不寻常症状时。全面的临床评估，包括疫苗接种史、体格检查、脑电图（EEG）和脑脊液（CSF）分析，有助于做出诊断。我们报告了一名20岁出头的年轻女性的病例，她最初出现抑郁症状，随后出现肌阵挛、痴呆和视力障碍。根据特征性的脑电图结果、神经影像学结果、脑脊液分析和血清麻疹抗体水平升高，该患者最终被诊断为SSPE。
