Ju Uijong, Kim Sanghyeon
Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 16;10(9):e29616. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29616. eCollection 2024 May 15.
In Level-3 autonomous driving, drivers are required to take over in an emergency upon receiving a request from an autonomous vehicle (AV). However, before the deadline for the takeover request expires, drivers are not considered fully responsible for the accident, which may make them hesitant to assume control and take on full liability before the time runs out. Therefore, to prevent problems caused by late takeover, it is important to know which factors influence a driver's willingness to take over in an emergency. To address this issue, we recruited 250 participants each for both video-based and text-based surveys to investigate the takeover decision in a dilemmatic situation that can endanger the driver, with the AV either sacrificing a group of pedestrians or the driver if the participants do not intervene. The results showed that 88.2% of respondents chose to take over when the AV intended to sacrifice the driver, while only 59.4% wanted to take over when the pedestrians would be sacrificed. Additionally, when the AV's chosen path matched the participant's intention, 77.4% chose to take over when the car intended to sacrifice the driver compared with only 34.3% when the pedestrians would be sacrificed. Furthermore, other factors such as sex, driving experience, and driving preferences partially influenced takeover decisions; however, they had a smaller effect than the situational context. Overall, our findings show that regardless of the driving intention of an AV, informing drivers that their safety is at risk can enhance their willingness to take over control of an AV in critical situations.
在3级自动驾驶中，要求驾驶员在收到自动驾驶车辆（AV）的请求后，在紧急情况下接管车辆。然而，在接管请求的截止日期到期之前，驾驶员对事故并不被认为负有全部责任，这可能会使他们在时间耗尽之前犹豫是否承担控制权并承担全部责任。因此，为了防止因接管延迟而导致的问题，了解哪些因素会影响驾驶员在紧急情况下接管的意愿非常重要。为了解决这个问题，我们分别招募了250名参与者进行基于视频和基于文本的调查，以研究在一种两难情况下的接管决策，即在参与者不干预的情况下，自动驾驶车辆要么牺牲一群行人，要么牺牲驾驶员，这可能会危及驾驶员。结果显示，当自动驾驶车辆打算牺牲驾驶员时，88.2%的受访者选择接管，而当行人会被牺牲时，只有59.4%的人想要接管。此外，当自动驾驶车辆选择的路径与参与者的意图相符时，当汽车打算牺牲驾驶员时，77.4%的人选择接管，而当行人会被牺牲时，只有34.3%的人选择接管。此外，性别、驾驶经验和驾驶偏好等其他因素部分影响了接管决策；然而，它们的影响比情境背景要小。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，无论自动驾驶车辆的驾驶意图如何，告知驾驶员他们的安全受到威胁可以增强他们在关键情况下接管自动驾驶车辆控制权的意愿。
