Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2019;20(sup2):S163-S165. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1661677. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
The objective of this study was to explore how age and sex impact the ability to respond to an emergency when in a self-driving vehicle. For this study, 60 drivers (male: 48%, female: 52%) of different age groups (teens: aged 16-19, 32%, adults: aged 35-54, 37%, seniors: aged 65+, 32%) were recruited to share their perspectives on self-driving technology. They were invited to ride in a driving simulator that mimicked a vehicle in autopilot mode (longitudinal and lateral control). In a scenario where the automated vehicle unexpectedly drives toward a closed highway exit, 21% of drivers did not react at all. For this event, where drivers had 6.2 s to avoid a crash, 40% of drivers crashed. Adults aged 35-54 crashed less than other age groups (33% crash rate), whereas teens crashed more (47% crash rate). Seniors had the highest crash rate (50% crash rate). Males (38% crash rate) crashed less than females (43% crash rate). All participants with a reaction time less than 4 s were able to avoid the crash. The results from the simulation drives show that humans lose focus when they do not actively drive so that their response in an emergency does not allow them to reclaim control quickly enough to avoid a crash.
本研究旨在探讨年龄和性别如何影响自动驾驶车辆中应对紧急情况的能力。为此，本研究招募了 60 名不同年龄组（青少年：16-19 岁，占 32%；成年人：35-54 岁，占 37%；老年人：65 岁以上，占 32%）的司机（男性：48%，女性：52%），分享他们对自动驾驶技术的看法。他们被邀请乘坐驾驶模拟器，模拟自动驾驶模式下的车辆（纵向和横向控制）。在一个自动驾驶车辆意外驶向关闭的高速公路出口的场景中，21%的司机没有做出任何反应。对于这个事件，司机有 6.2 秒的时间来避免碰撞，40%的司机发生了碰撞。35-54 岁的成年人比其他年龄组（33%的碰撞率）的碰撞率更低，而青少年的碰撞率更高（47%的碰撞率）。老年人的碰撞率最高（50%的碰撞率）。男性（38%的碰撞率）的碰撞率低于女性（43%的碰撞率）。所有反应时间少于 4 秒的参与者都能够避免碰撞。模拟驾驶的结果表明，当人类不主动驾驶时，他们会失去注意力，因此在紧急情况下的反应速度不够快，无法及时夺回控制权以避免碰撞。
