Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis cases by HIV status in Haramaya General Hospital, Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection pose significant challenges to global health, particularly in achieving the target of ending TB. However, the impact of HIV status on TB treatment outcomes remains unclear, especially in eastern Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of TB cases by HIV status and associated factors in Haramaya General Hospital from November 15 to December 30, 2022. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, reviewing the TB registry and treatment cards of patients who received anti-TB treatment between September 2017 and August 2022. Of the 420 samples addressed, 91.0% (95% CI: 88.3%-96.7%) of all TB patients had successful treatment outcomes. The treatment success rates of HIV-positive and HIV-negative TB patients were 80.0% and 91.9%, respectively. Being HIV-negative (AOR: 2.561, 95% CI: 1.002-6.542), being in the age group of 20 to 35 years (AOR: 2.950, 95% CI: 1.171-7.431), and urban residence (AOR: 2.961, 95% CI: 1.466-5.981) were associated with the TB treatment success rate. There was a high treatment success rate among all patients with TB. HIV status was associated with TB treatment outcomes. Strengthening TB-HIV collaborative activities, providing patient-centered care and support, and frequent monitoring and evaluation are recommended to improve the TB success rate.