Hernández-Reyes Adaía, Guzmán-Albores Jorge Martín, De León-Rodríguez Antonio, Ruíz-Valdiviezo Víctor Manuel, Rodríguez-Ortiz Luis Roberto, Barba-de la Rosa Ana Paulina
IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, México.
Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tapachula, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, México.
ACS Omega. 2024 Apr 10;9(17):18862-18871. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08290. eCollection 2024 Apr 30.
Chipilin () is consumed as a vegetable in the preparation of traditional dishes. As a folk medicine, Chipilin extracts are used as a hypnotic and sedative agent; however, there are few reports that support these uses. This study aimed to characterize the compounds present in Chipilin leaf extracts and to investigate their sedative effect using zebrafish as an model. Extracts were obtained by maceration with water (HO), ethanol (EtOH), and EtOH-HO, while oleoresin was obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by colorimetric methods. Phytochemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The chronic and acute toxicities of Chipilin extracts were tested in zebrafish embryos and larvae, respectively. Chipilin sedative effect was tested by the larvae response to dark-light-dark transitions. EtOH-HO extracts had the highest value of total phenolics (5345 ± 5.1 μg GAE/g), followed by water and oleoresin (1815 ± 5.1 and 394 ± 5.1 μg GAE/g, respectively). In water extracts were identified the alkaloid trachelanthamidine, 1,2β-epoxy- and the alkyl ketone 7,9-di--butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, while oleamide, α-monostearin, and erucamide were detected in all samples except in water extracts. Oleoresin extract had the lowest embryotoxicity (LC = 4.99 μg/mL) and the highest sedative effects. SFE is a green alternative to obtain Chipilin extracts rich in erucamide, an endocannabinoid analogue, which plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system and in modulating neurotransmitter release.
藜豆（）在传统菜肴的制作中作为一种蔬菜食用。作为一种民间药物，藜豆提取物被用作催眠和镇静剂；然而，很少有报告支持这些用途。本研究旨在表征藜豆叶提取物中存在的化合物，并以斑马鱼为模型研究其镇静作用。通过用水（H₂O）、乙醇（EtOH）和EtOH-H₂O浸渍获得提取物，而通过超临界流体萃取（SFE）获得油树脂。通过比色法对总酚和黄酮含量进行定量。通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析鉴定植物化学成分。分别在斑马鱼胚胎和幼虫中测试了藜豆提取物的慢性和急性毒性。通过幼虫对明暗交替转换的反应测试藜豆的镇静作用。EtOH-H₂O提取物的总酚含量最高（5345±5.1μg GAE/g），其次是水提取物和油树脂（分别为1815±5.1和394±5.1μg GAE/g）。在水提取物中鉴定出生物碱气管藜豆碱、1,2β-环氧物和烷基酮7,9-二-丁基-1-氧杂螺(4,5)癸-6,9-二烯-2,8-二酮，而除水提取物外，在所有样品中均检测到油酰胺、α-单硬脂酸甘油酯和芥酸酰胺。油树脂提取物的胚胎毒性最低（LC₅₀ = 4.99μg/mL）且镇静作用最强。超临界流体萃取是一种绿色替代方法，可获得富含内源性大麻素类似物芥酸酰胺的藜豆提取物，其在中枢神经系统发育和调节神经递质释放中起重要作用。
