Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, People's Republic of China.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, People's Republic of China.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Aug 1;358:113-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.032. Epub 2024 May 4.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression in adults.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2005 to 2020. Logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to assess the association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression. Additionally, we performed stratified and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the stability of the results.
This study included 38,157 participants, with 3448 (9.04 %) of them experiencing depression. The vitamin C intake was negatively associated with depression after adjusting for all covariates (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.88-0.94, P < 0.001). Similar inverse associations were observed when vitamin C intake was transformed into categorical variables. Individuals in higher quartiles of dietary vitamin C intake (Q2, Q3, and Q4) had lower odds ratios (ORs) compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1), as indicated by adjusted ORs of 0.78 (95 % CI: 0.71-0.87, P < 0.001), 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.67-0.82, P < 0.001), and 0.73 (95 % CI: 0.65-0.81, P < 0.001), respectively. The RCS analysis found an L-shaped nonlinear relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and depression, after adjusting for all covariates (P for non-linearity<0.001). Consumption of vitamin C was inversely associated with depression (OR = 0.994, 95%CI: 0.993-0.996, P < 0.001) for intakes below 93.61 mg, but there was no association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression (P = 0.980) for intakes of 93.61 mg or higher. The inverse associations between vitamin C intake and depression remained robust in stratified and sensitivity analyses.
This study was a cross-sectional study, and therefore unable to establish a causal relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and depression. We are unable to fully eliminate the confounding effects resulted from other unmeasured or unknown factors.
The study revealed a negative association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression, as well as an L-shaped nonlinear relationship between vitamin C intake and depression.
本研究旨在评估成年人饮食中维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间的关联。
本横断面研究利用了 2005 年至 2020 年期间国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据。采用逻辑回归和限制立方样条（RCS）回归评估饮食中维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间的关联。此外，我们进行了分层和敏感性分析，以评估结果的稳定性。
本研究纳入了 38157 名参与者，其中 3448 名（9.04%）患有抑郁。调整所有协变量后，维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁呈负相关（OR=0.91，95%CI：0.88-0.94，P<0.001）。当将维生素 C 摄入量转换为分类变量时，也观察到类似的负相关关系。与最低四分位组（Q1）相比，饮食中维生素 C 摄入量较高的四分位组（Q2、Q3 和 Q4）的个体具有更低的比值比（OR），调整后的 OR 分别为 0.78（95%CI：0.71-0.87，P<0.001）、0.74（95%CI：0.67-0.82，P<0.001）和 0.73（95%CI：0.65-0.81，P<0.001）。调整所有协变量后，RCS 分析发现饮食中维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间存在 L 形非线性关系（P<0.001）。维生素 C 的摄入量与抑郁呈负相关（OR=0.994，95%CI：0.993-0.996，P<0.001），低于 93.61mg 的摄入量，但摄入量为 93.61mg 或更高时，饮食中维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间无关联（P=0.980）。在分层和敏感性分析中，维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间的负相关关系仍然稳健。
本研究为横断面研究，因此无法建立饮食中维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间的因果关系。我们无法完全消除其他未测量或未知因素导致的混杂影响。
研究表明，饮食中维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间存在负相关关系，以及维生素 C 摄入量与抑郁之间呈 L 形非线性关系。
