Bossé R, Aldwin C M, Levenson M R, Ekerdt D J
Normative Aging Study, Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts 02108.
Psychol Aging. 1987 Dec;2(4):383-9. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.2.4.383.
Researchers during the past decade have found little effect of retirement on physical health. However, retirement entails a number of losses, and its effect on mental health, as measured by the prevalence of psychological symptoms, is unclear. We examined psychological symptoms in a sample of 1,513 older men, participants in the Normative Aging Study, using the SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 1983). Analyses of variance indicated that retirees reported more psychological symptoms than did workers, even after controlling for physical health status. Exploratory analyses examining the circumstances of retirement found no effects for length of retirement or part-time employment, but did find effects for the timing of retirement. Both early and late retirees reported more psychological symptoms. Late workers (aged 66 and older) reported the fewest symptoms. Reasons for these findings are discussed.
在过去十年中，研究人员发现退休对身体健康影响甚微。然而，退休会带来诸多损失，其对心理健康的影响（以心理症状的患病率来衡量）尚不清楚。我们使用SCL-90-R（德罗加蒂斯，1983年），对参与标准老化研究的1513名老年男性样本中的心理症状进行了研究。方差分析表明，即使在控制了身体健康状况之后，退休人员报告的心理症状仍比在职人员更多。对退休情况的探索性分析发现，退休时长或兼职工作没有影响，但退休时间有影响。提前退休和延迟退休的人员都报告了更多的心理症状。临近退休的在职人员（66岁及以上）报告的症状最少。本文讨论了这些发现的原因。
