Xiao Yao, Wu Yuehong, Wang Can, Dong Jianmin, Zhang Ximing, Peng Zhiyou, Cao Yunfei
Department of Pain Management, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 8;25(1):2411. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23640-0.
Sleep disturbances have become an increasingly prevalent public health concern, with higher incidence rates observed among individuals with chronic conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) underscore the rising prevalence of sleep disorders, which are associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and immune dysfunction.
This study analyzed data from 2,964 participants in the NHANES 2011–2014 dataset. Four dietary indices—Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean Diet Index (MED), and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015)—were computed using the “dietaryindex” R package. Binary logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) were employed to examine the relationships between these dietary patterns and sleep disturbances, while adjusting for potential confounding factors.
The analysis indicated that higher DII scores, reflective of a less favorable dietary pattern, were associated with increased sleep disturbances; however, this association did not attain statistical significance after adjusting for confounders. Conversely, lower HEI-2015 and MED scores were significantly associated with poorer sleep outcomes. Specifically, higher HEI-2015 and MED scores were linked to a 24% and 25% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing favorable sleep outcomes, respectively. Healthy dietary patterns characterized by increased fiber intake, reduced sodium, and lower fat content were associated with improved sleep quality, potentially through mechanisms involving enhanced metabolic function.
The findings suggest that dietary interventions aimed at improving dietary quality—specifically through the reduction of fat and salt intake, and the enhancement of fiber and vegetable consumption—may alleviate sleep disturbances. While the association between the DII and sleep disturbances was not statistically significant, the results highlight the importance of implementing targeted dietary strategies for individuals exhibiting higher DII scores. Future research involving larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to further elucidate the causal relationships between diet and sleep quality.
睡眠障碍已成为日益普遍的公共卫生问题，在肥胖和糖尿病等慢性病患者中发病率更高。2011 - 2014年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据凸显了睡眠障碍患病率的上升，睡眠障碍与多种不良健康后果相关，包括心血管疾病、代谢紊乱和免疫功能障碍。
本研究分析了NHANES 2011 - 2014数据集的2964名参与者的数据。使用“dietaryindex”R软件包计算了四个饮食指数——饮食炎症指数（DII）、终止高血压饮食方法（DASH）、地中海饮食指数（MED）和健康饮食指数 - 2015（HEI - 2015）。采用二元逻辑回归、亚组分析和限制立方样条回归（RCS）来研究这些饮食模式与睡眠障碍之间的关系，同时对潜在的混杂因素进行调整。
分析表明，较高的DII分数反映了较差的饮食模式，与睡眠障碍增加有关；然而，在调整混杂因素后，这种关联未达到统计学意义。相反，较低的HEI - 2015和MED分数与较差的睡眠结果显著相关。具体而言，较高的HEI - 2015和MED分数分别与良好睡眠结果可能性降低24%和25%相关。以增加纤维摄入量、减少钠含量和降低脂肪含量为特征的健康饮食模式与改善睡眠质量相关，可能是通过涉及增强代谢功能的机制实现的。
研究结果表明，旨在改善饮食质量的饮食干预措施——特别是通过减少脂肪和盐的摄入量，以及增加纤维和蔬菜的消费量——可能减轻睡眠障碍。虽然DII与睡眠障碍之间的关联没有统计学意义，但结果强调了对DII分数较高的个体实施针对性饮食策略的重要性。未来需要进行更大样本量和纵向设计的研究，以进一步阐明饮食与睡眠质量之间的因果关系。
