Tylka Tracy L, Maïano Christophe, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew, Linardon Jake, Burnette C Blair, Todd Jennifer, Swami Viren
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Laboratory of Cyberpsychology, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université Du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada; Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Appetite. 2024 Aug 1;199:107407. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107407. Epub 2024 May 9.
Intuitive eating has been found to protect against disordered eating and preserve well-being. Yet, there are methodological (length), conceptual (inconsideration of medical, value-based, and access-related reasons for food consumption), and psychometric (item wording) concerns with its most common measure, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). To address these concerns, we developed the IES-3 and investigated its psychometric properties with U.S. community adults. Across three online studies, we evaluated the IES-3's factorial validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Study 1; N = 957; M = 36.30), as well as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), bifactor-CFA, and bifactor-ESEM (Study 2; N = 1152; M = 40.95), and cross-validated the optimal model (Study 3; N = 884; M = 38.54). We examined measurement invariance across samples and time, differential item functioning (age, body mass index [BMI], gender), composite reliability, and validity. Study 1 revealed a 12-item, 4-factor structure (unconditional permission to eat, eating for physical reasons, reliance on hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence). In Study 2, a bifactor-ESEM model with a global intuitive eating factor and four specific factors best fit the data, which was temporally stable across three weeks. This model also had good fit in Study 3 and, across Studies 2 and 3, and was fully invariant and lacked measurement bias in terms of age, gender, and BMI. Associations between latent IES-3 factors and age, gender, and BMI were invariant across Studies 2 and 3. Composite reliability and validity (relationships with disordered eating, embodiment, body image, well-being, and distress; negligible relationship with impression management) of the retained model were also supported. The 12-item IES-3 demonstrates strong psychometric properties in U.S. community adults. Research is now needed using the IES-3 in other cultural contexts and social identity groups.
研究发现，直觉性饮食有助于预防饮食失调并维护身心健康。然而，其最常用的测量工具——直觉性饮食量表第二版（IES-2）在方法学（长度）、概念（未考虑饮食的医学、价值观及获取相关原因）和心理测量学（条目措辞）方面存在问题。为解决这些问题，我们开发了IES-3，并对美国社区成年人样本进行了心理测量学特性研究。在三项在线研究中，我们通过探索性因素分析（EFA；研究1；N = 957；M = 36.30）评估了IES-3的因子效度，还进行了验证性因素分析（CFA）、探索性结构方程模型（ESEM）、双因素CFA和双因素ESEM（研究2；N = 1152；M = 40.95），并对最优模型进行了交叉验证（研究3；N = 884；M = 38.54）。我们检验了样本间和时间上的测量不变性、项目功能差异（年龄、体重指数[BMI]、性别）、组合信度和效度。研究1揭示了一个包含12个条目的四因素结构（无条件进食许可、基于身体原因进食、依赖饥饿和饱腹感线索、身体与食物选择一致性）。在研究2中，一个具有整体直觉性饮食因子和四个特定因子的双因素ESEM模型最能拟合数据，且在三周内具有时间稳定性。该模型在研究3中也有良好的拟合度，并且在研究2和研究3中，在年龄、性别和BMI方面完全不变且不存在测量偏差。研究2和研究3中，潜在的IES-3因子与年龄、性别和BMI之间的关联是不变的。保留模型的组合信度和效度（与饮食失调、具身化、身体意象、身心健康和痛苦的关系；与印象管理的关系可忽略不计）也得到了支持。这个包含12个条目的IES-3在美国社区成年人中表现出强大的心理测量学特性。现在需要在其他文化背景和社会身份群体中使用IES-3进行研究。
