Veldhuizen J D, Hafsteinsdóttir T B, Mikkers M C, Bleijenberg N, Schuurmans M J
Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Faculty of Health Care, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the Netherlands.
Department of General Practice, Division Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, the Netherlands.
Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2021 Nov 23;3:100053. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100053. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Measuring nursing interventions and nurse-sensitive outcomes in a standardized manner is essential because it provides insight into the quality of delivered care. However, there is currently no systematic overview of the interventions conducted by district nurses, the evidence for the effects of these interventions, or what nurse-sensitive outcomes should be measured.
A systematic review of the literature.
District nursing care.
MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and EMBASE.
Only experimental studies evaluating district nursing care interventions for communkity-living older people were included. A data extraction form was developed to extract the study characteristics and evaluate interventions and nurse-sensitive outcomes. The methodological quality of the included studies was reviewed using the 13-item critical appraisal tool for randomized controlled trials by the Joanna Briggs Institute.
A total of 22 studies were included. The methodological quality of the studies varied, with scores ranging from 6 to 11 on a scale of 0-13. The 22 interventions identified were heterogeneous with respect to intervention components, intervention delivery, and target population. The 44 outcomes identified were grouped into categories following the Nursing Outcome Classification and were measured in various ways and at various times.
This is the first systematic review summarizing the evidence for the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions conducted by district nurses on community-living older people. It is unclear what interventions are effective and what outcomes should be used to substantiate district nursing care effectiveness. Because only studies with experimental designs were included, this analysis may provide an incomplete assessment of the effectiveness of interventions in district nursing care. Therefore, it is highly necessary to produce methodologically strong evidence through research programs focusing on district nursing care.
以标准化方式衡量护理干预措施及护理敏感结局至关重要，因为这有助于深入了解所提供护理的质量。然而，目前尚无关于社区护士所实施干预措施、这些干预措施效果的证据，或应测量哪些护理敏感结局的系统综述。
1）概述在社区护理中对居家老年人进行评估的干预措施及其效果的证据；2）确定用于评估这些社区护理干预措施的护理敏感结局、这些结局的测量方法以及应用于哪些患者群体。
对文献进行系统综述。
社区护理。
MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycInfo和EMBASE。
仅纳入评估针对居家老年人的社区护理干预措施的实验性研究。开发了一份数据提取表，以提取研究特征并评估干预措施和护理敏感结局。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的13项随机对照试验关键评价工具对纳入研究的方法学质量进行了审查。
共纳入22项研究。研究的方法学质量各不相同，在0至13分的量表上得分从6分到11分不等。所确定的22项干预措施在干预组成部分、干预实施方式和目标人群方面存在异质性。所确定的44项结局按照护理结局分类进行了分组，并通过多种方式在不同时间进行了测量。
这是第一项系统综述，总结了社区护士对居家老年人实施的以护士为主导的干预措施有效性的证据。尚不清楚哪些干预措施有效，以及应使用哪些结局来证实社区护理的有效性。由于仅纳入了具有实验设计的研究，因此该分析可能无法全面评估社区护理干预措施的有效性。因此，非常有必要通过专注于社区护理的研究项目来提供方法学上有力的证据。
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