Carrasco-Marín Fernanda, Parra-Soto Solange, Bonpoor Jirapitcha, Phillips Nathan, Talebi Atefeh, Petermann-Rocha Fanny, Pell Jill, Ho Frederick, Martínez-Maturana Nicolás, Celis-Morales Carlos, Molina-Luque Rafael, Molina-Recio Guillermo
Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Front Nutr. 2024 May 1;11:1349538. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1349538. eCollection 2024.
Understanding how socioeconomic markers interact could inform future policies aimed at increasing adherence to a healthy diet.
This cross-sectional study included 437,860 participants from the UK Biobank. Dietary intake was self-reported. Were used as measures socioeconomic education level, income and Townsend deprivation index. A healthy diet score was defined using current dietary recommendations for nine food items and one point was assigned for meeting the recommendation for each. Good adherence to a healthy diet was defined as the top 75th percentile, while poor adherence was defined as the lowest 25th percentile. Poisson regression was used to investigate adherence to dietary recommendations.
There were significant trends whereby diet scores tended to be less healthy as deprivation markers increased. The diet score trends were greater for education compared to area deprivation and income. Compared to participants with the highest level of education, those with the lowest education were found to be 48% less likely to adhere to a healthy diet (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.60-0.64). Additionally, participants with the lowest income level were 33% less likely to maintain a healthy diet (95% CI: 0.73-0.81), and those in the most deprived areas were 13% less likely (95% CI: 0.84-0.91).
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSSION: Among the three measured proxies of socioeconomic status - education, income, and area deprivation - low education emerged as the strongest factor associated with lower adherence to a healthy diet.
了解社会经济指标如何相互作用可为未来旨在提高健康饮食依从性的政策提供参考。
这项横断面研究纳入了英国生物银行的437,860名参与者。饮食摄入量通过自我报告获得。社会经济教育水平、收入和汤森贫困指数用作衡量指标。使用当前针对九种食物的饮食建议定义了健康饮食得分，每项建议达标得一分。良好的健康饮食依从性定义为第75百分位数以上，而依从性差定义为第25百分位数以下。采用泊松回归分析来研究对饮食建议的依从性。
存在显著趋势，即随着贫困指标增加，饮食得分往往越不健康。与地区贫困和收入相比，教育程度的饮食得分趋势更大。与教育程度最高的参与者相比，教育程度最低的参与者坚持健康饮食的可能性低48%（95%置信区间[CI]：0.60 - 0.64）。此外，收入水平最低的参与者保持健康饮食的可能性低33%（95% CI：0.73 - 0.81），最贫困地区的参与者可能性低13%（95% CI：0.84 - 0.91）。
讨论/结论：在社会经济地位的三个衡量指标——教育、收入和地区贫困——中，低教育程度是与健康饮食依从性较低相关的最强因素。
