MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 May 16;73(19):441-446. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7319a4.
In 1988, poliomyelitis (polio) was targeted for eradication. Global efforts have led to the eradication of two of the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3), with only WPV type 1 (WPV1) remaining endemic, and only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. This report describes global polio immunization, surveillance activities, and poliovirus epidemiology during January 2022-December 2023, using data current as of April 10, 2024. In 2023, Afghanistan and Pakistan identified 12 total WPV1 polio cases, compared with 22 in 2022. WPV1 transmission was detected through systematic testing for poliovirus in sewage samples (environmental surveillance) in 13 provinces in Afghanistan and Pakistan, compared with seven provinces in 2022. The number of polio cases caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs; circulating vaccine virus strains that have reverted to neurovirulence) decreased from 881 in 2022 to 524 in 2023; cVDPV outbreaks (defined as either a cVDPV case with evidence of circulation or at least two positive environmental surveillance isolates) occurred in 32 countries in 2023, including eight that did not experience a cVDPV outbreak in 2022. Despite reductions in paralytic polio cases from 2022, cVDPV cases and WPV1 cases (in countries with endemic transmission) were more geographically widespread in 2023. Renewed efforts to vaccinate persistently missed children in countries and territories where WPV1 transmission is endemic, strengthen routine immunization programs in countries at high risk for poliovirus transmission, and provide more effective cVDPV outbreak responses are necessary to further progress toward global polio eradication.
1988 年，脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）被定为消除目标。全球努力已导致两种野生脊灰病毒（WPV）血清型（类型 2 和 3）被消除，仅 WPV1 型（WPV1）仍在流行，而且仅在阿富汗和巴基斯坦流行。本报告描述了 2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 12 月期间全球脊灰免疫接种、监测活动和脊灰病毒流行病学情况，所使用的数据截至 2024 年 4 月 10 日。2023 年，阿富汗和巴基斯坦共发现 12 例 WPV1 脊灰野病毒病例，而 2022 年为 22 例。在阿富汗和巴基斯坦的 13 个省份开展了针对污水样本中脊灰病毒的系统检测（环境监测），发现了 WPV1 传播，而 2022 年仅有 7 个省份开展了该检测。由循环疫苗衍生脊灰病毒（cVDPV；已恢复神经毒力的循环疫苗病毒株）引起的脊灰病例数量从 2022 年的 881 例减少到 2023 年的 524 例；2023 年有 32 个国家发生了 cVDPV 暴发（定义为有 cVDPV 病例且有传播证据或至少有 2 份阳性环境监测分离株），包括 2022 年未发生 cVDPV 暴发的 8 个国家。尽管 2022 年麻痹性脊灰病例有所减少，但 2023 年 cVDPV 病例和 WPV1 病例（在流行地区发生的病例）在地理上的分布范围更广。必须在 WPV1 流行地区持续努力为持续漏种的儿童接种疫苗，加强高危国家的常规免疫规划，并提供更有效的 cVDPV 暴发应对措施，以进一步推进全球脊灰消除工作。
