Aguilar Lopez Fernando, Lauinger Dirk, Vuille François, Müller Daniel B
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nat Commun. 2024 May 16;15(1):4179. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48554-0.
The global energy transition relies increasingly on lithium-ion batteries for electric transportation and renewable energy integration. Given the highly concentrated supply chain of battery materials, importing regions have a strategic imperative to reduce their reliance on battery material imports through, e.g., battery recycling or reuse. We investigate the potential of vehicle-to-grid and second-life batteries to reduce resource use by displacing new stationary batteries dedicated to grid storage. Based on dynamic material flow analysis, we show that equipping around 50% of electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid or reusing 40% of electric vehicle batteries for second life each have the potential to fully cover the European Union's need for stationary storage by 2040. This could reduce total primary material demand from 2020-2050 by up to 7.5% and 1.5%, respectively, which could ease geopolitical risks and increase the European Union's energy and material security. Any surplus capacity could be used as a strategic reserve to increase resilience in the face of emergencies such as blackouts or adverse geo-political events.
全球能源转型越来越依赖锂离子电池用于电动交通和可再生能源整合。鉴于电池材料供应链高度集中，进口地区有战略必要通过电池回收或再利用等方式减少对电池材料进口的依赖。我们研究了车辆到电网以及二次利用电池通过替代用于电网储能的新固定式电池来减少资源使用的潜力。基于动态物质流分析，我们表明，到2040年，约50%的电动汽车配备车辆到电网功能或40%的电动汽车电池用于二次利用，都有潜力完全满足欧盟对固定式储能的需求。这分别可使2020年至2050年的初级材料总需求最多减少7.5%和1.5%，这有助于缓解地缘政治风险并增强欧盟的能源和材料安全。任何过剩产能都可作为战略储备，以增强面对停电或不利地缘政治事件等紧急情况时的恢复能力。
