Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science Campus, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 16;14(1):11215. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62010-5.
Vitamin D (VitD) is a naturally occurring, fat-soluble vitamin which regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the human body and is also known to have a neuroprotective role. VitD deficiency has often been associated with impaired cognition and a higher risk of dementia. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between levels of VitD and cognitive functioning in adult individuals. 982 cognitively healthy adults (≥ 45 years) were recruited as part of the CBR-Tata Longitudinal Study for Aging (TLSA). Addenbrooke's cognitive examination-III (ACE-III) and Hindi mental status examination (HMSE) were used to measure cognitive functioning. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured from the collected serum sample and classified into three groups- deficient (< 20 ng/ml), insufficient (20-29 ng/ml) and normal (≥ 30 ng/ml). Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software, version 28.0.1.1(15). The mean age of the participants was 61.24 ± 9 years. Among 982 participants, 572 (58%) were deficient, 224 (23%) insufficient and only 186 (19%) had normal levels of VitD. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed a significant difference in age (p = 0.015) and education (p = 0.021) across VitD levels and the Chi-square test revealed a significant association between gender (p = 0.001) and dyslipidemia status (p = 0.045) with VitD levels. After adjusting for age, education, gender and dyslipidemia status, GLM revealed that individuals with deficient (p = 0.038) levels of VitD had lower scores in ACE-III verbal fluency as compared to normal. Additionally, we also found that 91.2% individuals who had VitD deficiency were also having dyslipidemia. It is concerning that VitD deficiency impacts lipid metabolism. Lower levels of VitD also negatively impacts verbal fluency in adult individuals. Verbal fluency involves higher order cognitive functions and this result provides us with a scope to further investigate the different domains of cognition in relation to VitD deficiency and other associated disorders.
维生素 D（VitD）是一种天然存在的脂溶性维生素，可调节人体钙和磷酸盐的稳态，并且已知具有神经保护作用。维生素 D 缺乏症常与认知障碍和痴呆风险增加有关。在这项研究中，我们旨在探讨成年人维生素 D 水平与认知功能之间的关系。作为 CBR-Tata 老龄化纵向研究（TLSA）的一部分，招募了 982 名认知健康的成年人（≥45 岁）。采用 Addenbrooke 的认知测验-III（ACE-III）和印地语精神状态检查（HMSE）来衡量认知功能。从收集的血清样本中测量 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D]水平，并将其分为三组-缺乏（<20ng/ml），不足（20-29ng/ml）和正常（≥30ng/ml）。使用 IBM SPSS 软件，版本 28.0.1.1（15）进行统计分析。参与者的平均年龄为 61.24±9 岁。在 982 名参与者中，572 名（58％）缺乏，224 名（23％）不足，仅有 186 名（19％）的 VitD 水平正常。Kruskal-Wallis H 检验显示 VitD 水平在年龄（p=0.015）和教育程度（p=0.021）上存在显着差异，而卡方检验显示性别（p=0.001）和血脂异常状态（p=0.045）与 VitD 水平之间存在显着关联。在调整年龄、教育程度、性别和血脂异常状态后，GLM 显示 VitD 水平缺乏的个体在 ACE-III 言语流畅性方面的得分低于正常水平（p=0.038）。此外，我们还发现，91.2％的 VitD 缺乏症患者也同时存在血脂异常。令人担忧的是，VitD 缺乏会影响脂质代谢。较低水平的 VitD 也会对成年人的言语流畅性产生负面影响。言语流畅性涉及更高阶的认知功能，这一结果为我们提供了进一步研究 VitD 缺乏症和其他相关疾病与认知不同领域之间关系的机会。
